351 
febrifuge " is used, made chiefly from ‘Red bark” 
reference to source as ‘‘ Peruvian Bark," the total imports of all 
kinds under this name in 1910 being 22, 469 ewt., value £39,520, 
of which Java contributed more than one- ae (Tr rade of United 
Kingdom, i. 1911, p. 102). The exports of cinchona bark 
Java in 1912 amounted to 17,809,000 ]b., and in 1913, 90, 583,000 Th. 
and the exports of manufactured quinine, 1912, 163,900 Ib. and 
in 1913, 159,450 Ib. The quantity of sulphate of quinine manu- 
factured by the Bandoeng factory in 1913 was 68,000 kilos, the 
price E from about 8d. to ls. per oz. (Cons. e nn 
No. 5325, 1914, p. 8). he prineipal commercial distinctions 
are *' Druggists’ Bark’’—usually best selected quills or bark 
of good appearance, and “‘ Manufacturers’ Bark ’’—the appear- 
ance of which is of — À consideration um it is often 
convenient to ship it in chips to save freight. to the main 
forms come various descriptions, as '' bright TES druggists’ 
quil," ‘‘loxa quill" ‘‘crushed ledgeriana stem «c 
j i succirubra chips" and 
“Bolivian cultivated calisaya quill,” 
cs ra red bark," &c., &c. From 5-7 per cent. of quinine 
exclusive of other alkaloids i is in manufacturers! bark a saleable 
condition, and the value is based on the unit rate ruling at the 
time of selling, and the quinine content of samples, Amsterdam 
being the principal market, where the unit in 1912 was 3-07 to 
4-42 cents per half kilo (in "London, $ 7d. to 7d. per 1b.), and the 
average percentage of quinine in manufacturing bark offered being 
6-38 (Chem. and Druggist, Jan. 18, 1913, p. 97); and in 1913 at 
the Amsterdam Auctions the average price per unit was 4-92 cents 
. (Cons. Rep. Ann. No. 5325, 1914, p. 8). 
Java—where the planters and manufacturers have formed an 
agrees which places the industry in a position of stability with 
regard to prices, etc.—has so far made the greatest commercial 
success of the production, though India has been equally suc- 
cessful in the cultivation, the object there being mainly to meet 
the demands for local use and z ensure a position of independence 
from external sources. As ria opens up, it is not unlikely 
that some suitable localities i be found for the cultivation of 
Cinchona especially in the mountainous area bos the Bauchi 
piae reges to the Cameroon Boundary. C. succirubra, 
and C. Calisaya are cultivated with success in y island of St. 
Mesi at an altitude of about 3500 ft.; this is the nearest 
approach to the region indicated on the mainland where the 
altitude reaches 3000 ft. and upwards (see part 1, p. 8), and the 
prime factor of deep rich soil being available there seems to be no: 
reason why Cinchona should not be given a trial. 
U wards of sixty-five works have been published on the subject, 
comprisin g books, important papers and official Janus, 
covering the history, cultivation and commerce, but it may be 
