987 
90 bushels to the acre, yielding 1 gallon of oil per bushel, has been 
obtained (Journ. Soc. Arts, li. 1903, p. 419; Proc. and Jour 
Agric. Hort. Soc. India, April-June, 1908, p. 49; British Export 
Journ., Oct. 15th, 1897). 
In storing the seed care is required E avoid M MN com- 
paratively small quantities should eaped, an e heap 
should be turned regularly to keep the Seid fresh and aos 
Trans-Caucasus is an important centre for the production of 
seed oil and cake. 20,099 tons of seed were exported from 
Novorossisk in 1911 (Cons. Rep. Ann. No. 5078, 1913, p. 27). 
The output of oileake from Rav rossisk, Trans-Caucasus, was 
estimated in 1907 at 800,000 tons (Board of Trade Journ. Dec. 5th, 
1907, p. 454), and in 1911 at 131,615 tons (Cons. Rep. l.c. p. 29). 
The United Kingdom was the principal importer of seed from 
the N. Caucasus in 1911 (Cons. Rep. l.c. p. 27), and Denmark 
is the principal market for the cake. 
Ref.—'' Sunflower (Helianthus pen " in Cultural Indus- 
tries for Queensland, Bernays, pp. 171-173 (Government Printer, 
‘Brisbane, 1883).——‘‘ Sunflower (Helianthus annuus,)" in 
Manual of Grasses I ot Plants Useful to New Zealand, 
Part 1, Mackay, pp. 63-65 (Govt. Printer, Wicca erm 1887). 
** Helianthus Riser in Dict. Eeon. Prod. In Watt. iv. 
** Soleil ou Tournesol,’’ in Dor Pl. Indus- 
trielles, Heuzé, ii. pp. 151-155 (Libraire Agric. de la Maison 
“The Sunflow 
Composition and Uses, Wiley, U.S. Dept. Agric. Div. 
ull. ? 2 
bados, 1904 4 unflower as a Preventive of 
alaria," in Journ. Soc. Arts, li. 1908, pp. 418-419 
‘ Helianthus annuus: Sunflower," Hooper, in Tete Ledger, 
1, 1907, pP- 1- 11. — Sunflower Paii t in Cyel. 
tion, Bolton and Mis DD. 238-240, Wid ricum of the cake 
and oil (J. and A. Churchill, London Í qn ** Sunflower 
Seed," in Col. Rep. Misc. No. 88, pp. 467—468, with 
analysis of seed oil. x Senna Oil 3» (The Oil Resources 
of the Empire), Perkin, in Journ. Roy. Soc. Arts, lxii. p. 483. 
Helianthus tuberosus, Linn.; Sp. Pl. (1753), p. 905. 
herbaceous perennial. Roots, tuberous, more or less purple, 
t 
ds h 1 unlike this con 
bling t tato in general appearance, ike this - 
tains ho starch: - Be ens 3 10 : ft. high. Leaves ee 
