392 
An erect annual or use 1-2 ft. high. A weed growing in 
sand, Bornu (Elliott, l.c.). Plentiful E & desert ground near 
Thebes and Carnac, N ile region (Grant, | 
CanTHAMUS, Linn. 
Carthamus lanatus, Linn.; Fl. Trop. Afr. III. p. 439. 
Ill.—Gaertner, Fruct. Sun. PLn t Ie i Fusus- 
~ dba’ À Schk. Handb. t. 238; Bot. Mag. t. 2142; Sibth. Fl. 
Graec. ix. t. 841; Rchb. Ic. F1. Germ. xv. t. 746, t. II. 
Blessed Brei Woolly Carthamus; Yellow Distaff Thistle. 
Mediterranean Region, Canary Islands, Madeira, Nile Land. 
Introduced to Abyssinia, 'and widely cultivated. 
Said to possess sudorific, febrifuge and dca properties. 
Carthamus tinctorius, Linn.; Fl. Trop. Afr. III. p. 439. 
Ill.—Rumpf. Amb. v. t. 79; Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. PI. 
t. 161; Schk. Handb. t. 233; Lom. Encycl. t. 661, f. 3; Plenck, 
Ic. t. 600; Bot. Reg. ii (1816), t 170; Nees von Esenbeck, Plant. 
Medic. Düsseld. t. 221; Rchb. le. Fl. Germ. xv. t. 7 46, f. 1; 
Berg, Charact. t. 48, No. 372; Duthie, Field Crops, t. 13; Heuzé, 
Pl. Industrielles, i. p. 345; Cat. Mat. Med. Mexico, v. re p. 34; 
Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Agric. ii. p. 270, f. 375; Howard and Rahman 
"€ Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Series 3, Oct. 1910, tt. 12, 13. 
ac. names.—Gartoom (Egypt, Grant); mese (Sudan, 
Bin) Essfar (Sudan, Bull. Imp. Inst. ix. 1911, 202); Kas- 
soumbo (Oceania, Heuzé); Kurdee (India). er Bastard 
Saffron, Carthamine Dye. 
Cultivated in the Sudan, Nubi ia, Senaar, Abyssinia, India, 
China, S. Europe, etc. Mentioned in List of Plants cultivated at 
eos (Rowland and Millen). = ‘Botanica Register (ii. 1816, 
t. 170) gives Egypt as the native country. 
A rose-coloured dye is obtained pee the flowers. In France 
and Spain the florets are picked off and dried in the shade; 
in Egypt and India they are washed in cold water, slightly 
ressed into lumps and dried in the shade, the latter it is said 
Es about double the value of those prepared by the former 
method (Journ. Soc. Arts, xix. 1871, p. 817; Pharm. Journ. [3] 
ii. 1871, p. 405). It is necessary when washing and preparing 
the trade product to see that nothing alkaline onchies it until the 
dye is actually required—the dee —— bos by treat- 
ment with an alkaline solution. A sa ower, described 
[2 35 
as ‘‘ poor," was received at Kew from the Royal Niger Co. in 
90. 
