432 
Leone (Imp. Inst. No. 3, 1905; Smythe, No. 82, 1907; Scott 
Elliot, No. 4650, 1892, Herb. Kew), and probably occurs in the 
drier parts of all the West African itinterln ds. 
The so-called ‘‘ root-rubber " is not the same as that from the 
rhizomes of Landolphia Thollont, or of Clitandra Henriquesiana. 
It is collected from actual roots and probably from stems that have 
been covered ne earth in the forest by some accidental circum- 
stance. It is common to see vines covered for several feet near 
the base or be on the ground at some distance from the tree 
over which it climbs. It was reported in 1906 that the bulk of 
the so-called ‘‘ root rubber’’ from the Niger Valley is prepared 
from this plant (Thompson, Col. ds Mise. No. 51, 1908, p. 37, 
Landolphia owariensis), and in Northern Nigeria the natives were 
in the habit of digging up the roots of this and other Landolphias 
indiscriminately to the destruction of large areas (Elliott, Col. 
Rep. Ann. No. 476, 1905, p. 130). 
. In collecting the rubber from the ‘‘ Ubachie " or ‘* Ubakae ' 
plant as a rule the roots only are cut, and the FES are left to dio. 
The collected € are dried for a day or two and then beaten 
with wooden mallets until all the bark comes off, the bark is 
further beaten to remove the dry woody particles, and the result- 
to Director Kew, May 1st, 1905). [A small sample of this rubber 
is preserved in the Museum at Kew. In Sierra Leone the 
** Djenge"' Vine is cut down, the roots dug out, and both stem 
and root are cut into small pieces, soaked in water for several 
weeks ; the bark is then removed and the wood pounded and washed 
repeatedly until a reddish mass of rubber remains, which is made 
up into balls—the “ red nigger " rubber of commerce (Dudgeon, 
Agric. and For. Prod. W. Afr. p. 25). Unwin also records a 
similar destructive method of extracting the rubber from this 
vine (Rep. Forests, Sierra Leone, 19 6). 
The value of the rubber is about equal to that of the typical 
species, ias being valued (1906) at 3s. 9d. per lb. in London 
when fine hard Para was selling at 5s. 51d. per lb. (Col. Rep. 
Misc. No. 82, 1912, p. 356). 
Ref.—*‘ Rubber,"' in Sketch of Forestry of W. Africa, Moloney, 
pp. 78-95, chiefly L. owariensis (Sampson, Low, ete., London, 
1887).———'' Landolphia owariensis," Hua and Chev alier, in 
Journ. de Botanique, sie Fe EU, tes Landolphiées (lianes 
& caoutchouc) du Sénég du i Boudin et de la Glinée Francaise," 
pp. 74-76. ** Lando ot hia owariensis," in Lianes Caoutchouti- 
féres de L' Etat Indépendant du Congo, De Wildeman and Gentil 
pne 1904), pp. 51—58.———'* Landolphia owariensis," in 
E 5 
Chari-Tchad," pp. 56-66. ** Landolphia owariensis," Thomp- 
80n, in Report on the Forest Administration of Southern Nigeria 
