553 



long, female long peduneled 1-5 in. pendulous (Hooker). Fruit 

 about I in. diam. fleshy. 



///,— Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 15: Wight Ic. PL Ind Or. 

 t. 2926 iChavica Betle) ; Bot. Mag. t. 3132. 

 Betle Pepper, 



Cultivated in Botanic Gardens, Old Calabar; in India 

 €eyIon, Zanzibar, &c., probably native of Java. 



Grown in India on a large scale for the leaf, used for chemng 

 <with lime and Areca nut) and for various medicinal nuruoses. 



" Betel Oil " 



may 



89) 



. - irom tlie leaves (yield -5 to 1 jier 



«ent.); but it is of no commercial importance (Parrv Chem 

 Ess. Oils, p. 205). ^ J> 



Grown in Zanzibar in places artificially watered and shaded, 

 tor Its leaf which is sold in every village (Kew Bull. 1892, p. 90). 



In India the cultivation is' said to rerpure some skill and 

 varies in different locaHties.— In Madras cuttings from two-year- 

 old plants are put in near specially-raised plants of Sesbania 

 grandiflora, and leaves are picked after the first year's grovs'tb 

 (Watt, seq. q.v, for full particulars of cultivation). In My- — 

 the betel-vine is grown on supports of Eriodendron {see p. 

 in Areca plantations, 



L 



Ref.~' Piper Betle " in Diet. Econ. Prod. India, Watt vi 



part lA, 1892, pp. 247-256. "Piper Betle" in Pharmaco- 



^aphia Indica, Dymock, Warden & Hooper, iii. pp. 183-192, 



"Piper Betle," in Commercial Products of India, Watt 



jp. 891-896 (John Murray, London, 1908).^ -"Betel Leaf at 



•Chik-Kodi, Belgaum District," Hiremath, in Agric. Journ 



India, iv. 1909, pp. 365-374 " Studies in the Chemistry 



:and Physiology of the Leaves of the Betel- Vine {Piper Betle) 

 and of the Commercial Bleaching of Betel- Vine Leaves, Mann, 

 Sahasrabuddhe & Patwardhan, Memoirs, Dept. Agric. India 

 <Chem. Series) iii. No. 2, 1913, pp. 17-63. 



Piper Cubeba, Linn. /., Suppl. PI. (1781) p. 90. 



A^ climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate, 

 acuminate lop-sided, 6 prominent nerves diverging from the 

 mid-rib near the base, glabrous on both sides, dark-green above, 

 pale-green below, 4-5 in. long, about 2 in. across the centre; 

 petiole about 4 in. long. Inflorescence dioecious; male spikes 

 about IJ in. long; female spikes about 2 in., bearing numerous 

 fruits. Fruit globular, J in. in diam., shortly stalked and bluntly 

 apiculate, smooth when fresh, rougher when drv. 



IlL—Gaertnei, Fruct. Sem. PI. ii. t. 92 ; Nees von Esenbeck 

 Plant. Medic. Diisseld, t, 29; Desc. Ant. vi. t. 429; Woodville' 



. Stephenson & Churchill, Med. Bot. 

 t. 175; GuimpeL Abbild. Beschr. t. 230; Hayne, Darst. Beschr. 



Med 



Gewachse, xiv. t, 8 {Cubeba offi 

 &, Beschr 



# 



PL iii. p. 471, f. 508 {Cubeba officinalis) ; Baillon, Hist. V\ 

 p. 471, f. 508 {Cubeba officinalis); Bentl. «fe Trimen, Med 



* 13721 



B 



