65G 



(growing on Jak Tree), f. 130; Beccari, Wand. Gt. Forests, 

 Borneo (Eng. Ed. 1901) p. 375, f. 59 (plantation) ; Agric. Journ. 

 India, i. 1906, t. 4 ; Barber, Dept. Agric. Madras, Bull. No. 56, 

 1906, t. 1 (Pepper fl.), t. 2 (habit—" Balamcotta " of Wynaad), 

 t. 3 (habit—" Kalavalli " of Wyn 



& PL p. 242 (fr. br.) p. 243 (habit) ; Ridley, Spices, pp. 240, 245 



(in Borneo — plantation), p. 247 (Pepper from 

 ' Pepper ; Black Pepper ; White Pepper. 



Native of Assam and Malabar; cultivated in India, Ceylon, 

 and other tropical countries ; at Lagos, Old Calabar, &c. in the 

 Botanic Gardens; also Gold Coast, Jamaica, and Trinidad; 

 a plantation of 30,000 plants is reported in Sigi, German East 

 Mrica, in 1910 (Bull. Bur. Agric. Intelhg. Rome, Nov. 1910 



P 



commercial 



jj 



quantities are chiefly Straits Settlements including Labuan 

 (Borneo) ; Java, Sumatra, British India, and Siam. The use 

 of pepper is well known as a condiment ; " black pepper " is 

 the dried unripe berries and " white pepper " the ripe fruit 

 with the outer coating removed before grinding. Peas specially 

 treated to resemble " black pepper " fruit have been sold as 

 pepper under the name of " Erviop "—an anagram on the word 

 " Poivre " (Pharm. Journ. [4] xix. 1904, p. 379). 



Trade quotations (1919) are for "fair black Singapore," 9d. ; 

 " fair TelUcherry," 9ld. ; " Aleppy," 9d. ; " white Singapore, 

 Is., and "White Muntok," Is. per lb. (Chera. & Druggist, 

 March 22nd, 1919, p. 69). 



The plant may be propagated by seed, layering, or cuttings— 

 usually by the latter method ; good strong tops with several 

 joints are advisable and a few male plants should also be raised ; 

 a hot moist climate is essential together with rich soil. 



Plants may be raised in nursery beds or the cuttings put 

 out on raised mounds a foot or so high at the foot of support.* 

 young saphngs of Eriodendron anfractuosum (p. 87), Erythrina 

 lithosperma (p. 215), Manrjifera iiidicn (p. 169), Artocarpus in- 

 tegrijolia (p. 644) or any quick-growing tree being recommended 

 specially set out in plantations about 6 or 7 ft. apart = 1,210 

 or 881 plants to the acre; the side branches of these support 

 trees should be kept pruned and the tops regulated at a height 

 of about 12 ft. to give a moderate amount of shade. Ordinary 

 posts of strong durable wood 10-12 ft. high may also be used 

 as supports. Plants might also be grown at the foot of shade 

 trees used in other plantations of cocoa, &c. 



Ridley in order to get good crops attaches importance to 

 " turning down " — " When the pepper gets to the top of the 

 post you must make it bend down to the bottom and start up 

 again; three times must tliis be done before the pepper is 

 expected to fruit heavily otherwise it is skinny and wretched " 

 (Kew Bull. 1894, p. 79) — and burnt earth for manure, applied 

 from time to time during the growth of the vine (Spices, p. 267 ; 

 Derry, Kew Bull. 1893, p. 370). The yield is given at from 



