598 



Rubber Growing, Wicherley, pp. 110-118 (The West Strand 

 Publishing Co. Ltd. London, 1911). 



Manihot Glaziovii, Mali Arg. ; Fl, Trop. Afr. VI. Sect. 1, 



p. 839. 



IlL—Kew Report, 1880, p. IG; Journ. Bot. 1880, t, 215; 

 Kohler, Med. Pflan. iii. ; Engl. & Prantl, Pflan. iii. pt. 5, p. 79, 

 f. 48 ; Jumelle, PI. Caoutchouc et a Gutta, p. 25, f. 2 ; Tropenpfl. 

 iii. 1899, p. 50, p. Ill, ix. 1905, Beihefte, p. 273; De Wildeman, 

 Mission E, Laurent, t. 42 ; Yves Henry, Caoutchouc Afr. Occid, 

 Eran9., pp. 189, f. 4, 191, f . 5 & t. 8 ; L'Agric. prat, pays chauds, 

 viii. pt. 1, 1908, p. 99; Bull, Agric. Congo Beige, i. 1910, p. 255, 

 t. 87; iv. 1913, p. 172, f. 59 (Allee a Kalamu, Bas Congo); 

 Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.-Adrianeae, f. 31 ; Dudgeon, 

 Agric. & For. Prod. W. Afr, p. 9, t. 5 (Tree at Bakau, Gambia). 



Ceara Rubber ; Mani9oba Rubber. 



Cultivated in probably every British Colony within the 

 Tropics including Nigeria and in East (formerly German) Africa 

 Togoland, French West Africa, Belgian Congo, Mozambique, &c. 

 The Colonial distribution began with seeds and stems collected 

 by Cross for the Government of India, in Ceara, from wliich 

 a stock was propagated at Kew in 1876 (Kew Rep. 1876, pp. 12- 

 14) and plants were first sent out in 1877 to Singapore, Calcutta 

 and Ceylon (I.e. 1877, p. 16). 



As a rubber plant it appears so far to have been the most 

 successful on a paying scale in that part of East Africa formerly 

 under German rule, where it was first planted experimentally 

 at Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam in 1890-1900. From "Lewa Planta- 

 tion," the oldest, near Tanga, 3^ tons in 1905, 7| tons in 1906 

 and 12| tons in 1907 (i.e. '' tonnen " of 1000 kg. each) were 

 exported ; at the present time the production has developed into an 

 industry of importance. The varjdng success attending the 

 eflEorts in various parts of the British Empire are enumerated in 

 the Kew Bull, for 1898 and from time to time samples of rubber 

 have been contributed to Kew from India, Ceylon, B. E. Africa, 

 Uganda, Sudan, Zanzibar, Fiji, Sierra Leone, &c. In Nigeria, 

 in 1898 at Old Calabar there were 20 young plants estabUshed, 

 three of the largest bearing seeds (Ann. Rep. Bot. Dept. 1897^8), 

 in 1911 more extensive experiments were in hand, 3 acres being 

 reported planted in the Mamu Reserve ; 800 plants put out in the 

 Ilaro Reserve and communal plantations started in the Central 

 and Eastern Provinces (Thompson, Aim. Rep, Forestry Dept. 

 IS. Nig. 1911, pp. 6, 7, 8), and in the same year at Ibi, Muri 

 Province, it is reported (for Sept. quarter 1910) a considerable 

 number of Ceara Rubber Trees were growing, planted it was 

 I)elieved 10 or 12 years before by Mr. Hewby (N. Nig. Gaz. 

 April 29th, 1911, Suppl. p. 9), in 1913 at Bida, N. Nigeria trees 

 tapped on the " Lewa system " {see below) yielded rubber valued 

 at 35. Gd. per lb. in London with fine hard Para at 35. lit/, per lb. 

 <BuU. Imp. Inst. 1913, p. 380; Col. Rep, Ann. No. 816, 1914, 



