601 



&c.) ; Huacamotl (Mexico) ; Maniba, Manira, Mandioca, Manioc 

 (Brazil), Mandioca (W. Africa), Mhogo (E. Africa) ; Hoci dangdur, 

 &c. (Java), Quisaca (Loanda) Pax] Cassada (Jamaica, Sloane).-^ 

 Tapioca ; Cassava, Manioc, Bitter Cassava, Bay Rush (Bahama 

 Simmonds) ; Brazilian Arrowroot. 



Nupe (Barter No. 1497, Herb. Kew) ; Lagos (Barter, No. 

 20195 Herb. Kew), throughout W. Africa and widely distributed 

 in the Tropics under cultivation. 



The flour or starch obtained from the large tuberous roots is 

 •everywhere an important food. The flour has somewhat the 

 appearance of coarse oatmeal and " Tapioca " the preparation 

 best known in this country is a pure form of starch which settles 

 from the water in washing the Cassava meal and afterwards 

 granulated on hot plates. " Gaplek " is a dried preparation of 

 " Cassava," carried out in Java, where it is used as a substitute 

 for rice (Agric. Bull. Fed. Mai. St. 1919, p. 370). A preparation 

 called " VermicelU " is made of this starch and rice in Annam, 

 Indo-China, and " Hotien " is a food-paste made from the root 

 Also in Indo-China. Bread and cakes are made with the meal 

 in the West Indies, &c. (Mus. Kew) and in Nigeria the food- 

 stuffs " Fu-fu "—dough-like and " Garri " dried and grated 

 .are prepared from the root. " Couac " is a coarse meal prepared 

 •by crushing and drjdng the root in Brazil. " Cassareep " is 

 A well-known sauce, made by boiUng down the juice of the root 

 in the West Indies, where together with " Capsicums " it forms 

 the " pepper pot " of the country. The starch is of growing 

 importance for uses similar to those of Bice Starch, as a source 

 of alcohol, glucose, &c. 



The above products are chiefly from the " bitter cassava," 

 the preparation and cooldng rendering the poisonous matter of 

 the raw root inert ; but the *' sweet cassava," the form usually 

 •cultivated in the United States (Tracy, seq. p. 6), is good fodder 

 in a fresh condition for all lands of stock, advisedly with some 

 nitrogenous feeding-stuff such as bran, cotton-seed meal, &c. 



<Tracy 

 The 



No. 167, 1903, p. 23). 



Also used for feeding stock. Javan manioc roots are reported to 

 Imve been sent to Germany for the manufacture of commercial 

 .-starch and the residues put on the market as feeding stuffs 

 ■under the names of " Starkefutter-mehl," " Starkeschlempe," 

 "" Pflauzenmehl," " Schlempemehl " and " Webco," and manioc 

 root residues are also kno\\Ti in the European Feeding-stuffs 

 Trade as " HoUandisches Futtermehl," " Tapioka-Ampas," 

 '"Strumbin," " Starke ab fall," &c. (Bull. Bur. Agric. Intell. 

 Borne, 1913, pp. 1583-1586— Manioc Roots and the Residues of 

 their Elaboration). 



There are two well-marked variations in the roots — dark 

 and light-coloured — usually distinguished as " Sweet " (some- 



M 



palmata, var. Aipi) and " Bitter " (31. utilissima), 

 the last-named as indicated above being more or less poisonous 



X 13721 



E 



