i 



15 



in Diet. Econ. Prod. India, Watt. i. 1889, pp. 302-304.- " Sugar 



Palm : Arenga saccharifera {Saguents pinnatus),^' Treub in 

 U.S. Dept. Agric. Bureau of PI. Industry, Bull. No. U2, 1909, 

 pp. 45-47.— — -" The Sugar Palm," Barrett, in Philippine Agric. 



Review, May 1914, pp. 216-221. "Sugar-Palm Sap." Hines, 



he. pp. 222-228. "The. Sugar Palm," in Agric. News, 



Barbados, xiii. Aug. 1st, 1914, p. 244. " Arenga saccharifera,'^ 



in "Fibres from the Belgian Congo," Bull. Imp. Inst. xv. 1917^ 



pp. 493-494. 



NiPA, Thunb. 



Nipa fruticans, Thunb, m Vet. Akad. Nya. Handl, Stockh. iii. 



(1782), p. 231. 



A low branched palm ; stem or root-stock stout more or 

 less flattened, developed along the surface of the ground. Leaves 

 similar to those of the coco-nut and may exceed 30 ft. or more 

 in length (Beccari). Fruit resembhng that of a Pandanus or 

 ** as large as a man's head," carpels 4-6 in. long, smooth brown 

 (Beccari & Hooker, f. FL Br. India, vi. p. 424). 



III. — Rumpf. Amb. i. t. 16; Lam. Encycl. t. 897; Blume, 

 Rumphia, ii. t. 105, iii. tt. 164, 165 (spadices, parts of fruit); 

 Blanco, Fl. Filip., t. 386; Griffith, Ic. PL Asiatic, tt. 244-247; 

 Gaudichaud, Voyage Bonite, tt. 6, 7 (spadices and parts of 

 fruit); Martins,"' Palm, iii. tt, 108, 171, 172; Vidal, Fl. For. 

 Filip. t. 94 c; Schimper, Bot. Mitth. Tropen. iii. t. 7 (fruits, &c.); 

 Karst, & Schenck, Veg. bild. i. t. 7 (Nipa formation bei Tandjoeng 

 Prioek, Java); Beccari, Great Forest, Borneo, p. 81, f. 19; 

 Journ. Bombay N.H. Soc. xxiv. 1916, t. 95 (habit). 



Ver7iac. names, — Nipa, Sasa (Guam, Phihppines, Blatter) \ 

 Gulga, Gabna, Golphal (fruit), Golpatta (leaves) (Bengal,. 

 Gamble). Nipa Palm, Water Coco-nut Palm. 



A coast palm found in the Sundribuns of India, in Burma, 

 Malaya, Queensland, Ceylon, Phihppines, Borneo and in the 

 salt marshes of the islands and coasts of the Indian Ocean. 

 Introduced into Nigeria, where in 1906 a plantation at Old Calabar 

 was estabHshed (Thompson, CoL Rep. Misc. No. 51, 1908, for 

 1906, p. 49), seeds obtained from the Botanic Gardens, Singapore 

 (I.e. p. 90), and a new plantation was started at Oron, 1912 

 (Evans, Ann. Rep. Dept. Agric. S- Nig. 1912, p. 12). 



Leaves used for making cigarettes, Borneo (Burbidge, Mus. 

 Ke w) . 



The young white leaves are used to make bags and mats 

 called " Kajang '* for covering boats or making partitions in 

 houses, and the epidermis is used in making cigarettes, the 

 " rokos " or cigarettes which Malays continually smoke "v\ith 

 great zest are all rolled in this, in Borneo (Beccari, Great Forest, 

 Borneo, p. 81). 



The mature leaves are used for thatch, for which purpose 

 the leaflets are stripped from the rhachis and formed into a 

 thick fringe on a reed; said to be superior and more durable 

 than coconut thatch. The pounded leaves are recommended 



