769 



is cut and fed green, as ensilage, or dried as hay. In the Azores 

 the dried leaf, called '' folha de gavella '' is largely used as fodder 

 for animals (Cons, Rep. No. 4413, 1910, p. 4). 



A sample of Maize refuse from Nyasaland was found to 

 contain a fair quantity of fat and carbohydrates, but the 

 percentage of nitrogen was low. In admixture with materials 

 richer in proteins it could be used as food for cattle (Col. Rep. 

 Ann. No. 778, 1913, p. 37). 



Maize is also an important source of alcohol in the United 

 States and in Spain. Distillers' Corn ('' Yellow Dent *') has 

 been found to contain 57*9 per cent, of starch and 2-3 per cent. 

 of sugars. One ton (2000 lb,— United States) of grain, made 

 up of 1850 lb. of maize and 150 lb. of malt, is calculated to jdeld 

 100 gallons (or approx. 2-5 gallons per bushel) of alcohol — ^the 

 grain contains 64 per cent, of starch (Kew. Bull. 1912, p. 121). 

 For paper-making it has been found that the whole stalk may 

 be resolved into pulp and cellulose of the finest quahty for paper, 

 provided the cobs are removed in the milk-stage — when there 

 is little deposition of the hard sihceous matter which forms the 

 outer coating of the stalk when the ears are allowed to ripen, 

 the cellulose thus obtained is also suitable for the same uses as 

 cotton cellulose (U.S. Dept. Agric. Exp. St. Rec. Sept. 1912, 

 p. 314; Agric. News, Barbados, Jan, 4th, 1913, p. 9). 



Other manufactured products include glucose or syrup, 

 starch, meal, oil, and a rubber substitute — useful as a filler and 

 insulator; used extensively in the manufacture of small rubber 

 articles, belts and tyres ; the product has a good deal of resiUency, 

 and is graded as soft, medium and hard ; it is prepared by the 

 Corn Products Refining Co., New York, under the name of 

 " Paragol " (India-Rubber World, July 1st, 1912, p. 505). 



In the manufacture of glucose the germs of the seed are taken 

 out for the extraction of corn oil, of which they contain 30 per 

 cent. — may be used as a salad oil, paint oil, or manufacture of 

 rubber substitute. The residue, after the glucose is extracted, 

 is of value for feeding stock as " gluten feed," and the residue 

 of the germs after the extraction of the oil is the " corn oil cake ** 

 above mentioned. The grain during the war was an important 

 source of acetone for the manufacture of cordite and aeroplane 

 dope (Chapman, Micro-organisms and their Industrial Uses, 

 Journ. Soc. Arts, 1921, p. 609). 



The hu.sks are used in matting, the stalks and pith in packing, 

 and corn cobs in making tobacco pipes. United States (Mont- 

 gomery, seq. p. 249) ; tobacco pipes made of maize cobs have 

 also been sold in England (Mus, Kew), and there is also in the 

 Museum at Kew a door mat from Natal, a hat from Jamaica, 

 cigarettes and cigars from India, Burma and Mexico, in which 

 maize husks have been used in the manufacture. The pith of 

 the stalk is used in the United States Navy as a substitute for 

 coco-nut fibre, for purposes such as lining the hull of ships and 

 manufacturing explosives ; the stalks are recommended for 



