795 



have shown that the grain can be quite successfully employed in 

 the manufacture of roasted grain as a substitute for roasted 

 barley, as flakes, or as sugar of malto- dextrin type, though it ia 

 never likely to compete with barley as malt material (BuU. Imp. 



Inst. 1919, p. 22). 



An annual; a variable plant, 14 ft. or more in height; grain 

 white, yellow or reddish. 



Ref. — Milo a,s a Dry land Grain, Ball, U.S. Dept. Agric., 



Farmers' Bull, No. 322, 1908, pp. 1-23, illust. Ricerche 



Amalitiche sulle Cariossidi del Cereali Eritrei ('' Eritrea Food 

 Grains"), Manetti, in L* Agric. vCoL Italy, v. March 1911, 



pp. 100-113. " Utilisation of Sudan Dura Grain in Europe," 



Bull. Imp, Inst., ix. 1911, pp. 253-259. — — The Importance o 

 Thick Seeding in the Production of Milo in the San Antonio 

 Region, Hastings, U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. No. 188, 1915, pp. 1-21. 



*' Trials of Sudan Dura for Brewing," Bull. Imp. Inst. 



xvii. 1919, pp. 22-31. 



Sorghum guiueense, StapfiFh Trop. Afr. IX. p. 123. 



There are three varieties, separated provisional!}^ by Dr. Stapf 

 (I.e.); var. tremulans — ^grain white or reddish; var. involutum — 



grain white, and var. robustum — grain reddish ; including many 

 cultural races. 



Vernac. names. — Dawa (Jeba, Hausa, Barter) ; Bakm rakumi, 

 Karama (Sokoto, Dahiel) ; Kiti, Gete or Kokboio (Sierra Leone, 

 Thomas); Karandeffi or Karan dafi (N. Nigeria, Dudgeon, 

 Dalziel)] Faraoro (Middle Niger, Dumas), 



Upper Guinea — Senegal to Nigeria. 



The grain of all varieties and races under the above names 

 is used for food, excepting " KarandeiR " or Faraoro (regarded 

 by Stapf, I.e. p. 125, as the same), a form with reddish grain, 

 grown for medicine and for use in the preparation of a red dye 

 from the stems (Dudgeon, specimen in Herb, Kew, 1909 ; 

 Agric & For. Prod. W. Africa, pp. 138, 146) or from the red 

 leaf-sheaths (Dalziel, Hausa Bot. Voc. p. 57) ; used for dyeing 

 leather in Kano. The grain is said to give colic to animals, and 

 the plant is grown exclusively for dyeing leather in the Middle 

 Niger region (Dumas, Agric. prat, pays chauds, v. 1, 1905, 

 p. 461). To obtain the dye the dried stems are pounded up and 

 placed in a calabash, a solution of potash being added; a deep 

 crimson liquid results in which the skin is steeped until a 

 sufficiency has been absorbed to render it permanently deep 

 red in colour (Dudgeon, I.e. p. 138). This product is stated to 

 be " identical with a dyestuS known as * Sikhtyan ' used both 

 for dyeing leather and for staining ** lanzura grass' " — used for 

 plaiting into grass mats in the Sudan, where it appears to be 

 used without the addition of " potash " or wood ashes. 



A sample of " Sikhtyan " from the Sudan was examined for 

 the Imperial Institute by Mr. A. G. Perkin (Leeds University), 

 who states that "it is a substantive red dye-stuff of the same 

 type as ' Camwood ' {Baphia nitida), ' Red Sandalwood/ 



