870 



w 



Pliilippines (Watt. Diet. Econ, Prod. India; Piper, Forage PI. 



p. 44). 



A perenrdalj 4 ft. high, found in swamps, Nupe (Barter. 

 Herb. Kew), 1-2 ft. high in rice fields, Abinsi (Dalziel, Herb. 

 Kew) ; cultivated in the same way as rice, PhiHppines (Watt, 

 Lc); rhizomes creeping and stoloniferous (Fl. Cap. vii. p. 659); 

 usually 5-8 ft. with graceful floating immersed culms, upper 

 portion 1— r| ft. immersed and flowering; in very deep ponds 

 or in marshy wooded places, Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo 

 Angola (Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr. PL ii. p. 231 — Homalocenohrus 

 hexandrus, O.K.); extensively cultivated about the towns in 

 the PliiUppines as a soiHng crop^ — cut green, tied into bundles 

 and marketed fresh each day — for horses (Piper, I.c,^ — Homalo- 

 cenchrus hexandrus). 



Triticum, Linn. 



Triticum vulgare, Vill. Hist. PL Dauph. ii. (1787) p. 153; 



T, durum, Deaf, FL Atlant. L (1798) p. 114. 



Vernuc. names. — Alkama (Hausa, Dalziel, Dudgeon^ Foster) ; 

 Burr (Hadramant, Lunt). — Wheat. 



N. Nigeria (Foster, No. 21, 1915, Herb. Kew), Katsina, 

 Sokoto (Rae, 1921, Herb. Kew); Kano, Zaria (specimens in 

 Herb, and Museum, .Kew, 1914; plants grown at Kew from 

 seed obtained at the Tropical Products Exhibition in London 

 1914); Bammako, Soudan (Chevalier, No. 217, 1899, Herb. 

 Kew) ; in the neighbourhood of Lake Chad — all of the above 

 specimens are bearded and they appear to be the same form 

 of " common wheat " [vulgare'] and probably the same race 

 occurs over a wide area, extending northwards to the Sahara, 

 Chevalier is of opinion that it originated in Asia Minor and 

 states that it is cultivated in the northern parts of Tropical 

 Africa (Bull. Soc. Nat. Accl, France, 1912, p. 386 — T. durum 

 var. leucurum). A beardless variety of T, vulgare has also 

 recently been received (Rae, July 1921, Herb. Kew) from 

 Katsina. The separation of the varieties and races appears to 

 become increasingly difficult in proportion to the extent of the 

 distribution — the grain of the common wheat [vulgare] is stated 

 (Percival, seq.) to become more flinty [dtirum] in hot dry countries 

 than in cool countries, soil and manures also influencing this 

 feature and similarly climate and cultural conditions may change 

 the colour — white, yellow or red — of the grain. 



Until such time as a wider range of specimens of the wheats 

 grown in Nigeria can be obtained, the indigenous or naturahzed 

 types must be accepted as botanically mixed — when except from 

 a historical point of view the determination may be of little 

 importance — they are it is reported, being rapidly replaced by 

 Indian selected wheats from the Agricultural Research Institute, 

 Pusa, introduced in 1919, The Indian wheats come chiefly under 

 sativum {vulgare) (Howard, Mem. Dept. Agric. India, May 1909, 



