VI II PREFACE. 
It is impossible to give a complete list here of either of 
these classes of omissions, but I may state that among the 
first category will be found Vultur auricularis, Aquila 
ncrvioidcs (Cuvier), Haliccelus leucocepkalus, Ixos obscums, Emberiza 
striolata, Alcedo Smyrnensis ; and among those which have 
been introduced into the British lists I have omitted the 
following, — Lanius minor, Muscicapa parva, Sylvia ccerulecula, 
S. succica, S. iderina, S. aquatica, Motacilla alba, M. cinereo- 
capilla, Antliits spinoletta, A. ludovicianus, A. rufescens. Among 
the new birds which will be introduced into this edition, I 
may mention Vultur nubicus, Falco barbarus, Aquila Adalberti, 
Aquila orientalis, Aqidla Ctdleni, Nov. Sp., "Striated Eagle," 
Otus capcnsis, Garrulus krynicki, Rutidlla moicssieri, Hipolais 
polyglotta and H. pallida, Troglodytes boreal is, Acredida Irbii, 
Alauda pispoletta, bojtica, and cautarella, Gecinus Sharpii, Picus 
Lilfordii, and some others, of which a summary will be 
oiven at the end of the work. 
o 
With regard to the never-ending vexata questio as to species, 
races, or varieties, I have expressed my opinions freely 
here and there. Men who have not had the advantage of 
a sound knowledge of comparative anatomy make great 
mistakes in this direction. They would be pardonable did 
they not fill our works with useless, often barbarous names, 
which lead the student astray, and oftentimes make him 
give up the subject in disgust. 
It may be desirable to figure and describe races and 
varieties, but they ought to be designated as such only. 
Much confusion has also arisen in late years from the 
persistent habit of changing long-established names in 
