92 CULLEN'S TAWNY EAGLE. 
Upon this evidence I had determined to introduce Aquila nce- 
vioides into this edition of my book as a European bird, all other 
supposed captures having proved to my mind unsatisfactory. I how- 
ever submitted the whole question to Mr. Gurney, as it seemed to me 
there were differences almost amounting to specific between the Ant- 
werp bird and the African, a very good representation of which was 
given in my first edition, and which I now reproduce for comparison. 
After a considerable correspondence, Mr. Gurney wrote to me as 
follows : — 
"Northrepps, Norwich, 25th. September, 1874. 
"My dear Dr. Bree, — Enclosed I return, with many thanks, 
Dr. Cullen's and Professor Vanden-Ncst's letters, with the sketch and 
the feather. 
"My reasons for thinking that the Antwerp Eagle is distinct from 
Aquila nczvioides, — rapax of Southern and North-western Africa, — 
are, 
"1st, — That although nine years old, it has not yet attained the 
rufous plumage of the head, and neck, and breast, which invariably 
marks the adult of the South African bird, and is represented from 
a South African bird in Temminck's plate of F. rapax in the ' Planches 
Colorees/ and in Lord Lilford's plate (front figure) of a Mogadore 
bird in the 'Ibis.' 
"2nd. — From its greater size. 
"3rd. — From its silence. A South African ncsvioides, which I had 
alive for years, was excessively noisy. 
"4th. — From the absence of bars on the tail. 
"5th. — The description of the bill as 'tres forte! 1 
"If it is not A. ncsvioides, what is it? I confess I do not know, 
and I do not think it by any means impossible that it may prove 
to be an undescribcd species." 
I may state that Lord Lilford has always considered that the hinder 
figure in his beautiful plate of Aquila ncevioidcs, in the "Ibis" for 
1865, was the type of the adult Tawny Eagle. He has repeated this 
opinion to me quite recently. The bird is dead, 'but the dark one is 
still alive. 
On the whole, then, as I cannot refer the Antwerp bird to any 
of the forms known as rapax, senegalla, or nevtioides, I have adopted 
for it the name of Cullem, in honour of the naturalist who srives us 
the earliest account of the bird's history, and who placed it in the 
gardens at Antwerp, who for many years past has worked assiduously 
at the fauna of the Dobrudsha, whom I have the privilege of ranking 
