90 NOVITATBS ZOOLOQICAB XXIII. 1916. 



N.E. Africa, from Khartum or Nubia southwards. S. Arabia, Sudan to Senegal, 

 and apparently west coast south to N. Angola — at least a specimen collected by 

 C. H. Pemberton at Barraca, on the Cuanza River, is perfectly similar to specimens 

 from N.E. Africa, while it differs from East African ones. Two skins from the 

 Upper Casarcanze, however, agree witkj'iilleborni. 



Erlanger, Neumann, and others have admitted the name limbata of Rüppell, 

 and I suppose this must be done, as he evidently had tropical African specimens 

 before him : but, as I pointed out as long ago as 1891, in Kat. Vogels. Mus. 

 Senckenberg. p. 218, Rüppell distinguished young birds as different from adults, and 

 also Erlanger appears not to have grasped the real differences, which were for the 

 first time pointed out by Oscar Neumann. 



3. Glareola pratincola fülleborni Neum. 



Glareola fusca fiilleborni Neumann, Orn. Monatsber. 1910, p. 10 ("Ostafrika vom Manjara See bis 

 Natal"). 



Still darker on the upperside than G. p. limbata, the breast darker and more 

 olivaceous, the inner under wing-coverts still darker. In this form and in G. p. 

 limbata the brown border on the outer under wing-coverts is generally wider than 

 in G. p. pratincola. 



E. Africa from Lake Manjara to Natal ; also two skins from the Upper 

 Casamanze, Senegambia, agree with this form. 



Glareola maldivarum Forst. 



Glareola (Pratincola) Maldivarum Forster,* Faunula Incllca,]}. 11 (1795 — ex Latham, Gen. St/nops. 

 iii. 1, p. 224. Maldive Islands). 



Differs from G. pratincola by the much less forked tail, with considerably 

 shorter outer rectrices, the absence of distinct white tips to the inner secondaries 

 even in the freshest plumage and in adult males, and by the rufescent breast. The 

 colour of the upperside and throat are dark and rich, as in G. pratincola fülleborni 

 and limbata. 



Breeds in China, south to Hainan, north to southern Dauria,t and in several 

 parts of India ; migrates to the Malayan Islands and Australia. 



Dresser, Erlanger, and Neumann have treated this bird as a subspecies or 

 geographical race of Glareola pratincola, but as both the latter and G- maldivarum. 

 (= orientalis auct.) were found breeding in Sind by Doig (specimens in the Hume 

 collection in the British Museum), and the differences are striking, more so than 

 those between G. melanoptera and pratincola, which both nest in many parts 

 of South Russia, it is against my principles, and not quite reasonable, to treat 

 G. maldivarum as a geographical representative of G. pratincola. 



On May 24, 1903, Mr. F. R. Mortimore shot an adult female on Serf Island, 

 Seychelles. On the label he put " Migratory. No native name. Iris black. 

 Beak black, base red. Legs dark brown." Whether this occurrence is quite an 

 accidental one, or whether the species migrates more or less regularly to the 

 Seychelles, I am at present unable to say. 



* Sherborn and Mathews have quoted this work as by Latham & Davies, but erroneously. The first 

 edition of this work by Latham & Davies was appended to Pennant's Indian Zoology, but the names of 

 the birds at least were in English, and Forster, in his revised edition, which was published at Halle in 

 1795, first gave Latin names to all the species. 



f Only found once by Eadde, breeding in a salt-marsh. 



