258 LEPIDOPTERA. 



sixteen clays ; the butterfly appears from June 20th to Aug. 

 1st. The hirva (Fig, 187) has also been discovered in Vermont 

 by Mr. P. S. Sprague, and we describe it briefly from an alco- 

 holic specimen, in the collection of Mr. Sanborn. It is c^-lin- 

 drical, with six acute, small tubercles on each side of each 

 thoracic ring, while on the abdominal rings the four dorsal 



tubercles are larger and re- 

 markably boot-shaped, the 

 toe being formed by a lateral 

 prolongation of the tubercle, 

 ^io- ^^'^- and the heel is also ^msU 



formed, from which arises a short bristle. The specimen is 

 dark, with a lighter stripe along the back on each side of the 

 median line of the body. Its length is .80 of an inch. 



M. Chalcedon Doubleday is found in California and the 

 Rocky Mountains, while M. Anicia Doubleda^^, the under side 

 of which is much like that of Chalcedon, occurs not only in 

 California and the Rockj'^ Mountains but also in Kansas. 31. 

 Texana Edwards is a Texan species expanding one and one- 

 half inches. 



In Vanessa the wings are notched and angulated or tailed on 

 the hind edges, while the palpi are long and beak-like. The 

 larva is cylindrical and stoutly spined, the spines being long 

 and branched. The caterpillars are gregarious during the early 

 stages. "The head of the chrj^salis is deeply notched, or fur- 

 nished with two ear-like prominences ; the sides are very angu- 

 lar ; in the middle of the thorax there is a thin projection, in 

 profile, somewhat like a Roman nose, and on the back are two 

 rows of very sharp tubercles of a golden color." (Harris.) 

 Vanessa Antiopa Linn, is one of our most abundant butterflies, 

 being much more common in this country than in Europe, 

 whence it has probably been imported. Its wings are purplish 

 brown above, with a broad buff yellow border in which is a row 

 of pale blue spots. The butterfly hibernates, appearing before 

 the snow is off the ground. It is seen until June, and then 

 not until the middle of August. The larva is black, spotted 

 minutely with white, with a row of eight dark, brick-red spots 

 on the back. The chrysalis is dark brown, with large tawny 

 spots around the tubercles on the back. The caterpillar defoli- 



