384 



DIPTERA. 



distinct ocelli on the sides of the frontal tubercle. The species 

 appear in swarms, flying up and down in their maz}' dances, 

 especially at twilight early in spring, though they may Ije seen 

 late in autumn and on Avarm da^-s in winter. Tliey live in de- 



ca^-ing vegetable matter. Pedicia 

 is a gigantic crane-fly, embracing 

 the largest flies of the fsimily, 

 and with Trichocera is the only 

 genns of this family having ocelli. 

 P. albivitta has hyaline wings, with the costa, the fifth longi- 

 tudinal vein and the central cross veins margined with brown. 

 Tlie body is 1 .4 of an inch in length. The larAa of an Euro- 

 pean species lives in well water. 



The genus Cylindrotoma and its allies, resemble Tipula in 

 the course of the veins lying in the vicinity of the stigma, and 

 Osten Sacken illustrates the re- 

 semblances by the accompanying 

 drawings, of which Fig. 303 rep- 

 resents the venation near the 

 stigma of Cylindrotoma ; Fig. ^'S- ^04. 



304 that of the European Phalacrocera replicata, closely allied 

 to the preceding genus, and Fig. 305 that of a genuine Tipula. 

 Ptyclioptera is rather stout-bodied and has a singular mem- 

 branous spatulate organ, ciliated on the margin, which is 

 inserted at the base of the halteres. (Osten Sacken.) P. ru- 

 focincta O. S. is black with reddish bands on the feet. 



The larva of the European P. palndosa has a long respira- 

 tory tube at the end of the body, which it raises to the surface 



of the water, and in the pupa 

 "one of the horn}^ processes 

 which distinguishes the thorax of 

 all the pup?e of the Tipxilidcv ^ 

 is enormously prolonged, like- 

 Fig. 305. . wise, for the purpose of breath- 

 ing under water. (Osten Sacken.) The very singular genus 

 Bittacomorplia is an aberrant form, resembling the neu- 

 ropterous Bittacus. The antennte consist of twenty joints, 

 and the first joint of the tarsi is very much thickened, while 

 the abdomen is very long and slender. B. davipes Fabr. is 



