426 COLEOPTERA. 



result of a combustion kept up by the ait of these vessels. 

 This combustion explains the remission of this phospliores- 

 cence observed with the brilliant fire-flics, and ■which coin- 

 cides, not with the movements of the heart, but with those of 

 inspiration and expiration." (Siebold.) 



The trachcfE of the Coleoptera are alwa^^s highly developed. 

 In the larva state the}' arise from two principal trunks. In the 

 adult, however, they branch out directly near each stigma and 

 distribute branches Avhich communicate with other main trunks. 

 In those species which fly most, both the fine and larger 

 trachciB end in vesicles, which are distributed in great abun- 

 dance all over the body. In the Lucanidce, they are especi- 

 ally numerous, thus lightening the bulk of the enormously 

 developed head. 



The ovaries are arranged in the form of branches of few or 

 numerous tri- or multilocular tubes ; the recejotaculum seminis 

 is wedge-shaped and often arcuate, communiqatiug with the 

 copulatory pouch by a long flexuous spiral seminal duct, and 

 there is a bursa copidcUrix usuall}^ present. The teste^j vary in 

 consisting of two long coeca, or two round or oblong folli- 

 cles, or pyriform and placed like a bunch of grapes on the 

 extremity of the vasa deferentia, or as in the Lamellicorns, 

 Cerambycidce , Curculionidce and Crioceridce , the}' are 

 round, flattened, disc-like, and are situated, two to twelve in 

 number, on each side of the body. The organ of intromission 

 is very extensible, composed of the terminal segments of the 

 body, which form a broad flattened, hair}' canaliculated piece. 



The larvse when active and not permanentl}' enclosed (like 

 the Curculio) in the substances that form their food, are elon- 

 gated, flattened, wormlike, myriapodous-looking, with a large 

 head, well developed mouth-parts, and with three pairs of tho- 

 racic feet, either horny, or fleshy and retractile, while there is 

 often a single terminal prop-leg on the terminal segment of the 

 body and a lateral horn}' spine. The larvse of the Ce ram- 

 by cidce are white, soft and more or less cylindrical, while 

 those of the Curculionidai are footless or nearly so, and 

 resemble those of the Gall-flies, both hymenopterous and dip- 

 terous. 



The pupae have free limbs, and are either enclosed in cocoons 



