ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 67 



falls would prevent the maggots going into the ground, and burning refuse from bins and 

 barrels would dispose of those in stored fruit. These methods are practical, easily applied 

 and should be rigidly enforced." " There is no lazy way to check this insect. It will 

 have to be done by a direct, squarely-fought battle. We firmly believe we have in the 

 careful destruction of the windfalls the means of destroying the pest." 



The Cigar Case-bearer (Coleophora Fletcherella, Fernald) has been decidedly less abund- 

 ant this season than for three or four years previously. Good results from spraying are 

 reported by Mr. Harold Jones of Maitland, Ont., who noticed the young caterpillars 

 moving on the bark on May 2 and at once sprayed with kerosene emulsion and practically 

 cleared his orchard. Mr. W. H. Little, of Trenton, Ont., says it has been numerous in 

 his orchard for about four years, but has kept it within control by spraying with Bor- 

 deaux mixture and Paris green. The insect is reported from Goderich and Port Hope 

 in restricted localities. It was found at the latter place by Dr. Bethune in numbers upon 

 an isolated apple tree against a fence, a long way from any orchard or garden. At Port 

 Hope some specimens of a small parasite were bred from the cases by Mr. Wm. Metcalfe. 

 These have been identified by Mr. W. H. Ashmead as Microdus laticinctus, Ash. 



The Pear Slug {Selandria cerasi, Peck), this old enemy of the fruit grower, seems to 

 have been unusually abundant during the past summer in all parts of the Dominion where 

 prunus fruits are grown. Mr. L. A. Woolverton states that the second brood is more 

 troublesome than the first and suggests that the reason is because at the time of the year 

 when it appears, fruit growers are so busy picking and marketing fruit that it is almost 

 impossible to find time to spray with Paris green. 



After the exceptionally heavy crop of all fruits throughout the province this year, it 

 is almost certain that the next season's crop will be light ; the careful grower who attends 

 to all such little matters as spraying will then most certainly reap a rich harvest at the 

 expense of his less thoughtful neighbours. It is in the off years that the skill of the 

 horticulturist is called forth ; he cannot, it is true, always make his fruit crees set fruit 

 and bear, but he can in many instances by skilful management materially improve the 

 quality of his crop, and it is in years when the crop is small that he has the greatest lati- 

 tude to show his superiority over the easy-going grower who trusts to luck and lets things 

 come as they may. 



Grapes have suffered somewhat from the 

 Phylloxera. Mr. Woolverton found the leaf 

 gall inhabiting form unusually abundant 

 throughout the Grimsby district. In many 

 cases hundreds of vines on a plantation had 

 their foliage covered with the galls of the 

 louse — Fig. 68. In the September number 

 of the Canadian Horticulturist appeared a 

 figure of a branch of a grape vine infected 

 by Phylloxera. There are few insects as 

 well known as the notorious Phylloxera vas- 

 tatrix, Planchon, which has been the cause of 

 such enormous losses to the grape growers of 

 France, Italy, Spain, and other countries 

 in Europe. This pernicious insect is a native 

 of America, whence it was introduced into 

 Europe and where it now commits terrible 

 F fi ~ ravages, far exceeding anything that has ever 



been recorded here in its native country. The 

 life-history was worked out by the late Dr. 0. V. Riley and has appeared in several 

 of our previous reports. There are two forms of this insect with very different habits. 

 The first produces greenish red or yellow galls on the foliage, as shown in the illus- 

 tration kindly lent by the editor of the Canadian Horticulturist ; the other, which is 

 the most injurious, attacks the roots, causing swellings on the young rootlets, which 



