ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. • 95 



expected to protect you. In order to protect the people of Ohio, I have felt from the 

 start that it was necessary to first prevent this pest being continually shipped in 

 from infested nurseries, and then use every means to find out infested localities and 

 stamp it out. This is the only way that I can protect the people of my State, both 

 nurserymen and fruit-growers. What ^is true of Ohio is true in other States, and of 

 other entomologists. 



It seems to me that what we need is a United States law, that shall apply equally 

 well in every State in the Union, that will enable those nurserymen who wish to do so, 

 to send their authorized agents into any State to do business, each firm being thus 

 responsible for the acts of their agents. If nurseries desire to sell stock in States 

 other than their own, or the people desire to purchase such stock, they should have 

 legal protection. Then let every nurseryman be obliged to warrant his stock free 

 from insect or fungus pests before transportation companies can accept the same for 

 shipments. This will do away both with the disreputable nurseryman and the tree- 

 peddler, and place your business in the hands of honorable men. You may think it 

 an objection, and possibly a hardship to thus be obliged to guarantee your stock free 

 from these pests, but I fully believe it is precisely what you are coming to and of 

 your own accord. I am fully convinced that within the next ten years every reputable 

 nurseryman will spray his nursery stock several times each year with both insecticides 

 and fungicides, not because he is obliged by law to do so, but because it will pay 

 him well for the extra time and expense. We are beginning to learn that the apple 

 scab begins to weaken the vitality of a tree from the first year onward, and the same 

 is true to some extent with insect pests, that by spraying the nursery rows you can pro- 

 duce a greater number of first class trees to the acre, and so derive a larger profit fiom 

 your land and the labor bestowed upon it. Now, this is only a suggestion whereby this 

 problem of distributing such' pests as the one under consideration can be prevented, at 

 little or no leal expense, and those more competent than myself can no doubt improve on 

 the suggestion, and you will readily see that when another case like this comes up, and a 

 nursery is found to be infested the owner has only to purchase his stock for a year or so 

 of his more fortunate neighbor, until he can cleanse his premises and use his product. 

 This will also do away with an injustice that I have seen all along, and, in fact, been 

 obliged to, myself, make use. of. I stated at the beginning of this paper that it was but 

 right to give a reputable firm time in •which to show what they would do to protect their 

 customers, but it is a rank in justice to others of his profession to publish the fact of the 

 occurrence of such a pest as this in a certain locality or State, and not give nam s ia con- 

 nection with such information. I am bitterly opposed to the policy that I have been 

 obliged to follow during the last year, knowing, as everyone must, that to quarantine 

 against areas instead of individuals, must work an injustice upon the very ones that are 

 the most deserving of justice. When the word goes forth that this pest is in a certain 

 State and liable to be distributed from it to others, the only protection for the others is to 

 stop all shipments from the whole State, when there may be but a single nursery infested. 

 This is the rankest kind of injustice, and I hope some measures will be devised to prevent 

 a recurrence of such a condition of affairs as we have had with regard to the suppression 

 of the San Jose scale. I have been obliged to warn the people of Ohio against New Jer- 

 sey and Long Island, when I knew it was a wrong to the very men that I was trying to 

 help, simply because I could not get the names of the guilty ones, and indicate them to 

 our people. I hope, gentlemen, before you adjourn from your deliberations, you will take 

 some action not only denouncing the course taken by the two nursery firms that I have 

 named, but indicating some policy whereby this problem can be met in a judicious and at 

 the same time thoroughly efficient manner. The San Jose" scale is the latest importation, 

 so far as we know, but it is not at all likely to be the last. Our commercial relations 

 with other countries are not only increasing rapidly and broadening, but the time required 

 for transporting; your goods from place to place has 1 een diminishing much more rapidly. 

 It is now possible to remove plants from their native homes in Australia, South Africa, 

 Euiope or Asia, and in the short space of a month's time scatter them over the whole 

 country. Destructive insects may thus go into their dormant stage in one country and 



