96 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 



emerge in another without having been disturbed or discomrmded, something that would 

 have been impossible twenty-five years ago. With su h strides, such pDgressin these 

 factors in your business, it will be absolutely necessary for yon ti bring your business 

 methods up to date, and change to meet your changed conditions By necessity, you are 

 foremost in the diffusion of these peats of your trees and plants, and it would appear to 

 naturally follow that you should be foremost in taking steps to prevent this diffusion — 

 should lead instead of follow — and I hope you may begin to recognize the situation, and 

 with past experience to guide you, look into the future and prepare to meet these emerg- 

 encies and overcome them. 



Returning for a moment to the San Jose - scale, before closing, I will say that the insect 

 does not appear to spread rapidly, at least not at the start, and is not so difficult to over- 

 come, if given prompt and careful attention. At present it would seem as though it 

 might be wholly eradicated from the orchard or nursery within a year after being dis- 

 covered. Whale-oil soap, one pound to each gallon of water, makes a wash that is most 

 fatal in its effects, when applied during autumn and again just before the buds start in 

 the spring, followed by a similar treatment in autumn. The use of hydro- cyanic acid gas 

 is thoroughly effective, and though rather expensive to use in an orchard, is not so much 

 so where trees can be treated in bundles. Full instructions for using this may be had on 

 application to the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington. It is true 

 that this scale is now established at several points in most of the States east of the Mississippi 

 river, but I am satisfied that all such can be stamped out, provided proper attention is 

 given the matter now while it is yet confined to the orchards into which it was originally 

 introduced. For the present this is the only protection that the nurseryman and orchardist 

 have against this pest, or rather, I might say, against a disreputable fellow of his calling, 

 or a shiftless neighbor ; and I would caution you all to keep close watch of orchards in 

 your respective neighborhoods, especially such as have been planted out within the last 

 five years with other than home-grown trees. I find that in some quarters there is a 

 disinclination to let the matter of infection become known. So far as the farmer and 

 orchardist is concerned this is folly, as to have acquired this pest is no disgrace, but a 

 misfortune, and I find that the statement that it has been discovered in a certain locality 

 and promptly eradicated, is an incentive for others to look more closely to their trees and, 

 in case the scale is found, follow the example of their neighbors. 



In closing, I wish to call the attention .of nurserymen to the fact that the entomo- 

 logist is working for their interests, both in the matter of protecting them from getting 

 such pests established in their nurseries, and aiding them to get rid of them in case they 

 have been unfortunate enough to have done this. To prevent sending out infested trees 

 from any nursery is a part of the duty of an entomologist, however disagreeable it may 

 be to do so. So long as men are human, it will be necessary to resort to disagreeable 

 methods of preventing them from wronging each other, and the best that can be done is 

 to deal with strict justice toward all. 



At the conclusion of Prof. Webster's paper, the following appreciative motion was 

 put to the meeting and carried unanimously : 



Col. Watrous : " I think that the paper that comes out and deals with our interests 

 as fairly and as wisely and intelligently as this one deserves a vote of thanks, and I move 

 that a vote of thanks of this Association be tendered Prof. Webster for his paper and 

 that we approve his course." 



The Chair : It' any of you have any questions to ask of Prof. Webster, he will be 

 happy to answer them ; or if any of you have any statements to make we shall be glad 

 to hi ar them. It is certainly the most interesting subject that could come up in a con- 

 vention, for it is a matter of dollars and cents for us. 



Col. Watrous asked what would be the proper course to pursue should a nursery- 

 man be so unfortunate as to receive a bundle of trees from another nurseryman which 

 were found to be infested by this pernicious insect. 



Prof. Webster : Send them back to the original nursery. 



