ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 123 



used in taking food consist of minute formations called teeth by which the surface of the 

 food is rasped, and thus new surfaces exposed to the action of the moisture of the fly's 

 mouth, that it is not surprising that delicate parts, such as the surroundings of the eye, 

 should suffer grievously, where, as in hot countries, they are buried under the constantly 

 attacking masses of the pests." 



Two simple devices are explained, one for catching flies, wasps, etc., out of doors in a 

 wholesale way, the other for clearing a room in summer when flies frequently swarm 

 into houses in annoying abundance. For the capture of flies in gardens Miss Ormerod 

 advises the use of two square hand lights, one set on the top of the other. The finger 

 hole at the top of the lower one allows the flies to go up into the upper one, of which the 

 hole is closed with moss or other material, and the lower one is raised up from the ground 

 on bricks, with a bait of some attractive substance placed below. The flies after feeding 

 rise up and gain access through the hole at the top to the upper light where they collect 

 in thousands that soon die from the heat of the sun. 



To keep flies out of dwelling houses Miss Ormerod tells of a plan contrived by her late 

 sister, Miss Georgiana Ormerod. It is to close the lower sash of the window, then draw 

 down the upper sash so as to open it about a foot at the top. Next drawdown the calico 

 rolling blind so that the flies are inclosed between the blind and the glass panes of the 

 window, when, following their natural instinct, the flies rise, and when they arrive at 

 the opening to the fresh air outside, out they all go. 



A similar plan to the above has been practised in the dining-room of one of the hotels 

 at Ottawa for some years, and has given great satisfaction. 



Leafage Caterpillars : In this chapter several leaf-eating caterpillars are treated 

 of, together with the well tried insecticides, Paris green and kerosene emulsion. It is 

 evident that through Miss Ormerod's instrumentality these valuable remedies are gradu- 

 ally becoming better known and more generally used by English orehardists. 



Mediterranean Flour Moth : We regret to read that this most injurious insect 

 which was first noticed as mischievous in England in 1887, is now thoroughly established as 

 a perfect pest in any roller flour mill where it once gets a footing, and also is to be found 

 in bakeries, or the like places where the flour, on which its caterpillars feed, is present ; and 

 consequently now is in the course of unchecked spread, which has given the infestation 

 thorough establishment. No new methods of treating the insect are spoken of ; but an 

 incidental mention is made to an important matter, i.e. the spoiling of flour by fumigating 

 with sulphur, showing the necessity of knowledge and care in making use of this remedy. 

 In Canada, even without any care on the part of millers, this infestation is of rare occur- 

 rence, the spread and increase of the insect over most of the Dominion being prevented or 

 rendered easy of control by the low wiuter temperature, to which from time to time mills 

 •can be subjected. 



Onion Sickness. — This attack due to the Stem Eel-worm (Tylenchus devastatrix) has 

 never, so far as I am aware, been observed in Canada ; but may at any time appear. The 

 reasonable remedy proposed by Miss Ormerod should, however, be adopted for all vege- 

 tables showing disease. This is to destroy carefully by burning everything which shows 

 a diseased growth, and on no account throw it on a manure pile to be put back again 

 on to the land. 



The Pear Lyda or Social Pear Saw- fly is of particular interest from the almost 

 identical appearance and habits of the species with those ot a Lyda found in great abun- 

 dance last July in southern Manitoba on plum trees in the gardens of the Mennonites. 

 Whole trees were seen, upon which nearly every leaf was seared and skeletonized. The 

 foliage of large branches was frequently webbed tightly to the twig?, formicg a tent con- 

 taining scores of the curious false caterpillars The remedy of spraying the trees early 

 in June with Paris green would certainly have saved the trees. 



Pear and Cherry Saw fly (Eriocampa limacina). — The Pear slug every year does 

 much harm in Canada. This is almost invariably from the fruit grower's neglect. 

 These caterpillars can be easily controlled by spraying or dusting with Paris green. 



