80 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the seed is ripe these leave the clover and pass the winter in the ground, to emerge 

 again the following spring just at the time the clover blossoms. 



The hay crop has been little injured by grasshoppers or other pests. In old worn 

 out meadows " Silver top," caused by leaf-hoppers and other sucking insects, has been 

 noticed ; but well worked land with a good rotation of crops suffers little from this injury. 



Potatoes have been less attacked by the Colorado Potato-beetle than usual. 

 Early in the season some correspondents thought that this pest was dying out, but the 

 hot weather of midsummer soon brought it up to its usual abundance. The well tried 

 remedy, Paris green, in either wet or dry applications, is now too well known to require 

 more than a reference. 



Injuries by White Grubs and Wire worms were more serious than is often the case, 

 and unfortunately little can be done to counteract their operations. 



The Cucumber Flea-beetle, Fig. 47, {Crepidodera cucumeris t Harr.) which fre 

 quently does great damage to potatoes by perforating the leaves, has been successfully 

 treated again this year by spraying the plants with Bordeaux mixture and Paria 

 green made with the formula 6 B03. of copper sulphate, 4 8>s. of fresh lime and 

 45 gallons of water, to which \ lb, of Paris green is added. This remedy is now 

 becoming well known, and on account of its usefulness widely used by our wide 

 Fig. 47. awa ke farmers to prevent the loss which is still enormous from the ravages of the 

 Potato-rot. The first spraying should be done in Ontario not later than the 1st 

 August, and this should be followed by two more applications on 15th August and 

 1st September. These sprayings also, of course, render unnecessary the treatment of the 

 potatoes for the Colorado Potato-beetle, as those insects are killed at the same time. 



A rather unusual injury to potatoes was this year reported from Carrville, York 

 Co., by Mr. J. Lahmer. This was by the Four-lined Leaf-bug (Pcecilocassics lineatus y 

 Fab.), and occurred at the end of May. The attack was, however, restricted in area and did 

 not continue late into the season. The life-hissory of this pest has been worked out; by 

 Prof. Slingerland, of Cornell University. The eggs are laid in the terminal twigs of 

 currant and other bushes in the autumn and do not hatch until the following spring. 

 The bugs attack the leaves of the currant and some other shrubs to a certain extent, but 

 are more injurious to various herbaceous perennials. The plants most often noticed as 

 injured by this insect are Sage, Mint, Gooseberry, Currant, Dahlias, and the Japanese 

 Honey-suckle (Weigelia), Potatoes and some other plants less frequently. It is hardly 

 likely that this insect will ever prove a serious enemy of the potato crop. The mature 

 insect is a bright greenish yellow bug three-tenths of an inch in length, with two black 

 spots on the thorax and four stripes of the same color down the back. It is very quick 

 in its movements. 



Remedies. — As the eggs are laid in the twigs of bushes and are comparatively con- 

 spicuous, owing to the white tips protruding, wherever tha bugs have been troublesome 

 the eggs should be looked for and destroyed during the winter. I he bugs and larvje can 

 be killed or driven away by dusting with pyrethrum insect powder, or by spraying with 

 kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap solution. 



The Turnip Aphis or Cabbage Aphis (Aphis brassicce, L.). Turnips in many 

 sections have been badly injured by this plant-louse, which has been one of the worst 

 enemies of root crops during the past season. Although much loss is due to this pest every 

 year, as a rule, nothing is done by farmers to remedy the evil, many volunteering the in- 

 formation that nothing can be done. This, however, is not the case, for successful experi- 

 ments have shown that, by spraying the plants bearing the first colonies which appear 

 early in August, much may be done to protect a crop. At the time of thinning and 

 hoeing turnips the colonies are small and may be easily treated by means of a knapsack 

 sprayer with kerosene emulsion (one part to nine of water), or with whale-oil soap, one 

 pound in eight gallons of water ; or even by hoeing out the infested turnips and covering 

 them with soil, an easy matter at that time with the hoe in hand. 



