1899] 



ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



S3 



(Fig. 34.) The cab- 

 bage butterfly winters 

 over in the chrysalis 

 state. A little search 

 in late autumn will re- 

 veal many of these chry- 

 salids suspended under 

 the covering boards or 

 rails of fences which en- 

 close fields of turnip or 

 rape. It will repay one 

 to observe carefully, 

 and make notes of, the 

 peculiar shape of a chry- 

 salis. It is about four- 

 fifths of an inch long, 

 and is generally of a 

 light grey, or brown 

 color. It is suspended 

 at two points — at its 

 pointed posterior end and at the middle of the body, by a silken cord that forms a band 

 by means of which it is slung up tightly to the board or other object. The chrysalis case 

 is quite thin and apparently brittle. The wings, coiled tongue, and legs can be fairly well 

 recognized within the case. Every pupil should watch carefully the way the white 

 butterflies emerge from chrysalids which have been collected. 



Fig. 34. — A Chrysalis of Cabbage Butterfly, showing the slender silken 

 band by which it is slung up to the fence rail. The posterior end is 

 attached to upright post in this case, but usually it is attached to the 

 horizontal board. The projections of the wings, the legs and the coiled 

 tongue are prominent. 



i*i -m 



Fig. 36. — An Imago of Cabbage Butterfly at rest 

 on a leaf, showing the wings folded orer the 

 back, the three pairs of legs, the prominent 

 eyes, and the long club shaped antennae. 



The white butterflies have six well- 

 developed legs, and four wings covered 

 with scales (Fig. 35, a) which brush off 

 very readily. (Do all butterflies have six 

 well- developed legs 1 Do all winged insects 

 have scales on their wings 1) If we ex- 

 amine several specimens we shall very 

 likely find slight differences in the num- 

 ber of black spots on the fore wings. The female butterfly (Fig. 33) has two black spots 

 while the male (Fig. 32) has only one. We shall notice also that when the butterfly is 

 resting on a flower the wings are held erect, (Fig. 36). (Find scale-winged insects which 

 fold their wings by their sides when at rest.) 



Fig. 35. — (a) A few scales on the wing, show- 

 ing the shape of scales, their arrangement 

 in rows, and overlapping, (much enlarged). 

 (b) a portion of large eye, much enlarged, 

 showing hexagonal facets. 



