1899] ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 87 



Lesson II. — The Cabbage- worms. 



A supply of cabbage- worms should be on hand, and if possible a piece of half-eaten 

 leaf with the worm at work before each pupil. 



1. Why are some of the worms larger than others 



2. Describe the markings. 



3. How many legs has the worm ? Describe their location. Are all the legs of the 

 same structure ? 



4. Describe how the worms eat. 



5. What method of destroying the worms would be possible ? 



6. Watch carefully to find out how often a worm moults. 



7. Follow closely the movements of a worm which has become full grown and has 

 become restless. 



8. Watch the large worms which have become sickly and have begun to change 

 color, for the appearance of small white maggots. Where do these maggots come from 1 

 What change comes over the maggots ? 



9. Describe how a caterpillar breathes. 



10. What would be the result if the breathing pores were plugged or stopped up? 



11. Try the effect of spraying Paris Green water on some caterpillars. What 

 objection is there to the use of Paris Green 1 ? 



12. Dust some insect powder mixed with about five times as mnch fine ashes, 

 through a cheese-cloth bag on some caterpillars, notice the effect. 



Lesson III. — The Chrysalids. 



A collection of chrysalids should be procured from the fences surrounding cabbage, 

 turnip, and rape fields. 



1. How are the chrysalids attached to the fence rails ? 



2. How long does this insect remain in the chrysalid condition 



3. Which surface of the chrysalid touches the surface of rest 1 



4. What signs of wings, etc., are to be seen ] 



5. Open some chrysalids to find if all are living. 



6. In the dead chrysalids what do you find ? How did the maggots get inside f 



7. Locate accurately 25 chrysalids in the early winter ; and in late winter, deter- 

 mine the number left. What has happened to those that have disappeared ? 



8. What then are some of the enemies 1 



Lesson IV. — The White Butterflies. 



1. In what month did the first butterfly appear ? If possible watch for its appearance . 



2. When did the butterfly emerge from the chrysalid kept in a box in your room ? 

 Can you account for the difference in time 1 



3. Number of wings ? Of legs? Number of parts to each leg 1 

 i. How does the butterfly hold its wings when at rest. 



5. What is the nature of its mouth ? Can it eat 1 For what is its mouth adopted ? 

 Watch how a butterfly feeds. 



6. Are the wings of all the white butterflies spotted alike 1 ? What does this 

 difference indicate ? 



7. Has this butterfly any enemies ! Name some. 



8. Of what use are the scales on the wings ? 



Lesson V. — Other White Butterflies. 



For this lesson the native Pierids should be shown the pupils. The differences should 

 be seen. The teacher should then give the pupils a short history of the introduction of 

 of this white butterfly to America, and its subsequent spread. 



1. How would you distinguish the cabbage-butterfly from the Gray-veined White 

 and the Checkered- White 1 



2. Collect caterpillars of each species, and learn to distinguish them. 



3. Upon what plants does the caterpillar of the Yellow, or Clouded Sulphur Butter- 

 fly feed. 



