CONTRIBUTIONS TO INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY NO. 8: 
FOSSILS FROM THE CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE INTE- 
RIOR STATES, 
By C. A. WuiTsE, M. D. 
The fossils which form the subject of this article have been collected 
by different persons, and at various localities, from both the lower and 
upper Carboniferous rocks. A part of them were collected by Prof. G. 
C. Broadhead, late State geologist of Missouri, at different localities in 
that State, and the type specimens belong to his private cabinet. A 
part belong to the private cabinet of Mr. William Gurley, and were col- 
lected by him at different localities in Illinois and Indiana; ; a part to 
Mr. Charles Wachsmuth, of Burlington, lowa; and the remainder were 
collected by myself in Iowa. 
A large proportion of all these species are new, and none of them ex- 
cept Lithostiotion mamillare have before been illustrated. A part of 
them, however, were described by myself at different times in the Pro- 
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of 
the Boston Society of Natural History. 
The close relationship of the Carboniferous fauna of the Interior States 
with that of the western portion of the national domain makes a full 
knowledge of the former desirable in the investigation of the latter. 
Therefore, the illustration of these species is regarded as properly per- 
taining to the elucidation of the geology of the Western Territories. 
IRs UD Ibe bay. 
ACTINARIA. 
Genus ZAPHRENTIS Rafinesque. 
ZAPHRENTIS ELLIPTICA White. 
Plate 39, figs. 4 a and b. 
Zaphrentis elliptica White, 1862, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. ix, p. 31. 
Corallum rather small, Bently curved, laterally compressed, more so 
below the middle than near the calyx; ’ sometimes this compression is 
slight, but sometimes so great as to produce a distinct carina along the 
lower portion of the outer curve; calyx moderately deep, its margin 1 sub- 
circular or sometimes subelliptical ; septal fossett moderately large, Sit- 
uated upon the concave side of the corallum; rays well developed, 
numbering at the margin from thirty-two to forty. Surface marked by 
the usual lines of erowth, but seldom by such distinct wrinkles as often 
mark species of this genus. 
Length, 21 millimeters; diameter of calyx, 14 millimeters. 
155 
