280 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 
in species at Florissant, and local causes must have had much to do 
with the fauna of each of these localities. It is hardly worth while to 
institute any inquiries into the proportion of the groups represented at 
Florissant and in amber, since the nature of the entombment is entirely 
different. 
Let us pass, then, toa rapid sketch of the Florissant insect fauna, 
from which as yet only 16 species have been published; these will be 
enumerated in their proper place. 
In Hymenoptera none have yet been described. About a dozen speci- 
mens are referred to Apidae and Andrenidae; several species are rep- 
resented, but most of them are badly preserved; the largest appears 
to be a Bombus. Of Vespidae and other large wasp-like Hymenoptera 
about 70 or 80 specimens have heen found, referable to about 30 species, 
one of which is a large Scolia or allied genus; several are Sphegidae, 
including an Ammophila; one, which seems to be a Polistes, shows traces 
of a blue-green metallic tint; another, apparently one of the Pompilidae, 
represents a species with a large subapical fuliginous spot on the wing; 
another, perhaps of the same family, has a circular clear spot in the 
center of the wing, surrounded with fuliginous. ‘The ants are the most 
numerous of all insects at Florissant, comprising perhaps a fourth of all 
the insects; they form more than three-fourths, perhaps four-fifths, of 
all the Hymenoptera; I have already about 4,000 specimens of perhaps 
50 species (very likely many more); they are mostly Formicidae, but 
there are not a few Myrmicidae and some Poneridae. I have noticed no 
Mutillidae. Ichneumonidae are very numerous; of minuter forms, hav- 
ing an expanse of wing of less than a centimeter, there are nearly 200 
specimens, unusually well preserved; judging from a cursory examina- 
tion they are exceedingly numerous in species, perhaps 80 all told, and 
many genera are represented; the larger forms, whose wings expand 
more than a centimeter, are even more numerous, both in species and 
individuals, and most of them are very fine, including a great variety, 
among which are especially noticeable a good assortment of species of 
Pimpla and allied genera. I have looked in vain for Pelecinus, or any 
long-tailed Rhyssae or Thalessae. The Braconidae, Chalcididae, Cyni- 
pidae, and Chrysidae, exceedingly few fossil species of which have ever 
been described, are very abundant, but have not been fairly separated 
from each other and from other small species; tegether they number 
nearly 250 specimens and probably 50 species. Among others there is 
a Chrysis, showing metallic green reflections on the abdomen; and also 
more than half a dozen species of Chalcididae, with expanded femora, 
represented by over 20 specimens. Finally, there are about 60 Ten- 
thredinidae of 14 or 15 species, and several genera; besides a single 
species of Uroceridae. 
A few Lepidoptera occur. One butterfly in a most admirable condi- 
tion has already been described under the name of Prodryas Persephone, 
and there are two more diurnal species, each represented by a single 
specimen and each also generically distinct from any living forms, but 
yet falling in the immediate vicinity of those most nearly allied to 
Prodrvas, namely, among the highest Praefecti. These I shall describe 
under the generic names of Jupiteria and Lithopsyche. Besides these 
there are a couple of poorly-preserved butterflies of uncertain position, 
and I have also set aside about a dozen specimens of perhaps 8 species 
of nocturnal Lepidoptera; but they are obscure, mostly of small size, 
perhaps Pyralidae or Tortricidae, and have not been critically studied. 
Nearly a third of all the specimens I have seen from Florissant belong 
to the Diptera. Culicidae and Chironomidae are abundant, but not 
