286 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE 'TERRITORIES. 
enidae. In the paleozoic formations, again, a dozen species are known, 
all but three of which have been considered scorpions,* Phrynidae and. 
Chernetidae, or related to them; indeed, one of the other three has not 
been placed by its describer among the true spiders, but named Arth- 
rolycosa only from its somewhat marked Araneid features. The remain- 
ing two seem to be the only true precursors of this group known to us’ 
from the paleozoic rocks. The proportion, therefore, of the Araneides 
to other Arachnides is reversed between paleozoic and caiuozoic times. 
The Florissant spiders are distributed among the larger groups as 
follows: Saltigradae (all Attides), 3; Citigradae, 0; Laterigradae (all true 
Thomisides), 3; Territelariae, 0; Tubitelariae (A galenides, 1; Drassides, 
5; Dysderides, 2 =), 8; Retitelariae (all Theridides), 4; Orbitelariae (all 
Epeirides), 14 = 32. Nearly one-half, therefore, are Epeirides, and after 
these the Drassides are best represented. A comparison with the Kuro- 
pean tertiary spiders shows that America is far richer in Orbitelariae, 
and Hurope richer in Retitelariae, Laterigradae and Tubitelariae, while 
the Saltigradae are almost equally represented in the two countries. 
If, however, we except the species found in amber, and compare only 
those taken from the rocks in which they have been preserved, we shall 
reach perhaps a more just comparison, although the data will of course 
be far more meager. The greater proportion of Orbitelariae in America 
is now found nearly the same as before, but is not so great as the now 
heightened proportion in Europe of Retitelariae, while the Tubitelariae 
become the group in which the proportion is similar in each; the Lateri- 
gradae is the only group where the proportion remains nearly the same 
as in the previous comparison, while the Saltigradae are nearly lost sight 
of in Europe, a single species being known. 
Carrying the analysis a little further, we shall obtain some interesting 
results; as will appear from the following table, in which all the groups 
represented in Europe are introduced, and both the total fauna and the 
species from the strata tabulated. 
Ag dq 
28 ag g = 
= cy 2 CaaS) 
BeOS |e 
Groups. Axo | 2°n | moa 
2s | She | Soe 
°,.. 2 ono Si= >) 
S32 | 2a | 242 
Ee n Im 
: ATTIGES NS eee eats aoe eice ne etn avers Finials isinin iaaicinig ae cle laimieleieieiaelnte 14 1 3 
Saltigradae.— ; TESOL Ae) Rees cores eae matem Oe Ce pee Gate recta eeetreeuineine 2 0 0 
Citigradae:—iy cosoidact seen esate cieee peta enemies ieelsseinescieeeenisisiceeine ets 0 0 
IPilodromide esse eee teeter asec ne ce cerinnce neers 4 0 0 
Laterigradae.— ; DA OMUISIA CS pe Peete a ee arate oneal eT ar a 21 4 3 
(Uncertain—Archaea) Gilt. eee waleeeieien 
Lerritelariae:— Ph eraphosoidaernecse ces eee eee eae seein ee eee eseise ne i 0 0 
Wiysderidessceenas-ssseeeeeee ae 14 0 1 
DTASSIMES secs cenee ae teeeieiisiee 38 2 5 
Tubitelariae:-—<“Agalenides ss) 2225 se jscsnleseoscwscaclececiom cousmesneeeeeeces 14 2 2 
Hersiligid aes yagee sis ae Boe iene oss wnlcielonie ee erasiaie ee eet 3 0 0 
fencer) PA SUNS aN nan rete aT hata we hal oda aiey atc Me eM ate tee time a OW See 
. : VROCONO RE) bod os on aooaoqobodeeoropoboRsusoop sEpoobpebeseb ade 1 0 0 
PCULOLATIBe 5 ect did Sali ai 3 SON eC UN cu UG AGRI NAT OWN: yun ni 54 9 4 
Orbitelariae:—Epeirid es ee eee eee eee a ale aalatteuieWiciyasteate e Aemiseeice 16 3 14 
Here, it appears at a glance that exactly the same groups are repre- 
sented in the stratified deposits of Europe and America in every instance, 
excepting the Dysderides, which is unrepresented in Europe, and has 
a single member in America. It also appears that just those families 
which are represented abundantly in amber are also represented, to 
“Report has just come of a discovery of a considerable number of scorpions in the 
carboniferous rocks of Scotland, adding several species to those already known. 
