PACKARD. ] PHYLLOPODS OF NORTH AMERICA. 303 
Subfamily ESTHERIAN At Packard. 
Carapace or shell obiong, more or less flattened or oval, sometimes 
subglobose, with distinct lines of growth. From 18 to 27 or 28 pairs of 
feet; in the males the two anterior pairs of feet with hands; the end of 
the abdomen with dorsal spines and two pairs of very long, large, curved, 
terminal spines. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Shell oval, more or less globose, with 18-22 lines of growth, 
amber-colored; flagella of 2d antenneze 11-17 jointed; 
PAsLOLA OD Ao DAtTS Ch FOOT a2 1s) Susias see t= led ci eco Estheria. 
Shell large, broad oval, much flattened, subtriangular, with 
about 18 lines of growth, a haft-organ present. Flagella 
of 2d antenne 12-13 jointed; 18-22 pairs of feet...... Limnadia. 
Shell narrow-ovate, rather prominent behind the umbones, 
with 4-5 lines of growth. <A haft-organ present. Fla- 
gella of 2d antenne 9-10 jointed; 18 pairs of feet. ...Hulimnadia. 
Genus ESTHERIA Riippell. 
Plates III, IV, V, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, figs. 1, 2, XX VII. 
Estheria Riippell, Museum Senckenbergianum. Bd. II, Heft. 2. Ueber Estheria daha- 
lacensis Ruppell, von H. Strauss-Durckheim, 1357. 
Cyzicus Audouin, Annales Soc. Ent. France, vi, 9, 1837. 
Lsaura Joly, Annales des Science. Nat., ser. 2, XVII, 293, 1842. 
Carapace valves or shell oval, more or less globose, with a prominent 
hinged back, Cyclas-like, with numerous lines of growth; amber colored. 
Body with 25-27 segments. Head with no “haft-organ;” as a whole the 
head is very large, being more like that of Limnetis than Limnadia, 
having a long narrow rostrum forming a large proportion of the head; 
first antenne large and long, reaching nearly to the middle of the fla- . 
gella of the second pair; the latter with a stout multiarticulate scape, 
the flagella extending well beyond the edge of the shell, and usually 
composed of about 15-20 joints. Usually about 20 pairs of feet; in the 
female the coxal or maxilliform lobe is recurved, triangular, acute; the 
second and fourth endites are small lobes of nearly equal size, while the 
fifth is a long, slender, narrow process, the sixth being like it, but either 
wider and pointed at the end, or shorter than the fifth and scalloped 
along the lower edge. Of the three exites, the gill is elongate, pear- 
shaped, while the upper division of the flabellum is very long and almost 
filamental at the end, nearly reaching the upper side of the body, the 
lower division being narrow, either pointed or rounded at the end, and 
scalloped along the upper edge, closely resembling in form the sixth en- 
dite. In the males the two anterior pairs are provided with hands, dif- 
fering from those of the single first pair in Limnetis in the tubercle-like 
fourth endite, armed with stiff, sharp spines, forming the comb, while the 
finger-like fifth endite is somewhat bulbous at the end. 
The species of this genus may be recognized by the globose amber- 
colored shell with numerous lines of growth. It differs from Limnadia 
in the large head, and long, large, acute beak, and in the lack of a haft- 
organ, while it differs from Limnetis in the shell having lines of growth, 
a distinct beak and hinge, while the rostrum is narrow and pointed, and 
the number of body segments and legs is much greater, and the two 
anterior pairs of feet in the male are provided with hands. Moreover, 
the first antenne are much larger, with indications of numerous joints. 
