Co 
PACKARD.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYLLOPODA. 36: 
portions of Arctic America, and of Northern Mexico, a region exposed 
to great summer heats, winter cold, to long droughts, sudden rainbursts, 
and other meteorological extremes. And jit is interesting to notice that 
the larger proportion of the Old-world forms are likewise restricted 
to Eastern and Southern Europe, to the Mediterranean region, and to 
Central and Northern Asia, 7. e, to Mr. Sclater’s “ Palie-arctic Region.” 
The Western European species are few in number, as in the Eastern 
United States. In Africa the Phyllopods are restricted to the northern 
portions of the continent, which are more or less elevated, dry, and 
arid, as Algeria, Egypt, and Abyssinia, or to the Cape of Good Hope 
(Capeland), while but a few, and those species of Hstheria, have been 
brought from the “Oriental Region” in Asia, and few from the Aithi- 
opian Region” in Africa. Apus himalayanus, described by us from the 
Himalaya Mountains, is evidently a member of the Central Asiatic or 
Manchurian province, and not of the Indian region, while A. dukianus 
is reported from Afghanistan. 
Of purely tropical forms there are two species of Apus, one living 
in St. Domingo, another in the island of St. Vincent, while a species of 
Eulimnadia exists in St. Domingo, and a species of Hstheria flourishes 
in Cuba. The Mexican forms are plateau species, while none have 
yet been described from Central America. Two species of Hstheriahave 
been described from South America. 
The map accompanying this memoirl represents the principal faunal 
divisions of North America, with the isothermal lines of 32°, 40°, 60°, and 
72°, The American continent is divided into— 
. The Arctic Realm and its Alpine outliers. 
. Boreal province and its Alleghanian outliers. 
. The Atlantic or Eastern province 
. The Central province. : 
. The Western or Californian province. 
. The Antillean region. 
There are no species from the Central American province. 
> OU 09 bo 
THE AMERICAN ARCTIC PROVINCE. 
This is a more or less natural subdivision of the Arctic or Circumpolar 
Realm, which includes the coast of Labrador, the northern shores of 
Hudson’s Bay, and the Arctic coast of North America, north of the 
sothermal of 32° around to Bering’s Strait and Greenland. We reject 
the term “ Nearctic” proposed by Mr. P. L. Sclater, and adopted by Mr. 
A. R. Wallace, for America north of Central America, for the reason 
that it seems to us an unnatural and artificial term. The fauna is 
essentially American north temperate, while the Arctic regions of 
America and Europe-Asia form a realm by itself, of much less impor- 
tance, it is true, than the north temperate realm (American and Kuropeo- 
Asiatic regions), when we consider the land plants and animals, but of 
nearly as much importance as regards marine life. To apply the term 
Nearctic to so vast a region as the American involves the idea that the 
region covers an area essentially arctic in its features. Itis to be hoped 
that the term will not be adopted by American writers, as it is not 
by German avd French writers, and we heartily indorse Mr. J. A. 
Allen’s protest against the use of the term by American writers on this 
subject. The cireumpolar or Arctic realm is a realm by itself, limited by 
the low degree of temperature and mainly bounded by the isothermal of 
329, and the adoption of this term will conduce, it appears to us, to 
