388 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 
the genital pore of the male Limnadiade and the Apodide, together with 
the ‘eonopoda of the male Branchipodida, as indicating the line dividing 
the thorax (benosome) from the abdomen (urosome). 
In the Limnadiade the female benopods are remarkably uniform in 
appearance; in the males, however, the first pair (Limnetis) and in 
Estheria and Limnadia the first two pairs have the fourth to sixth 
endites transformed into a grasping or hand-like extremity, whose 
structure is very interesting. 
We will first describe the thoracic foot of the female, as it is simpler 
in structure than in the male. As seen on Plate I, figs.3 and 4, Plate II, 
fig. 1, in Zimnetis the axis or trunk of the limb is quite indefinite in 
outline, and is entirely subordinate in size and differentiation to the 
lobular outgrowths, the endites and exites.* In this respeet the Lim- 
nadiad leg closely resembles the Cladocerous appendage, and in this 
characteristic the appendages seem clearly enough a direct bequest of 
the lower Branchiopods (Cladocera and Ostracoda). Considering first 
the inner or sternal series of lobes, 7. ¢., the endites, we can easily make 
out six endites, the normal number for all Phyllopoda.. (See fig. 26 in 
text.) The first endite (fig. 1 l’, in other figures cl) we have called the 
coxal lobe (cl); it is the “‘mawillarfortsatz” of Grube, and corresponds, 
or is homologous with, the first foot-lobe of Apus of Gerstaecker, or the 
gnathobase of Lankester (Q.J. M.S., p.548, 1881). It would be difficult, 
and a straining of homologies, to compare this with the coxopodite 
of a Decapod, as these endites are characteristic of the Branchiopoda, 
and do not exist in a completely jointed appendage, such as those of the 
Malacostracous or Copepodous Crustacea. 
The gnathobase is large, Jong, and well developed in Limnetis ; its 
long, sharp, stout spines nearly meeting those of its fellow opposite, 
over the sternal groove of the under side of the body, and serving ad- 
mirably as maxilla-like organs for the retention of the food, and for 
passing it forwards to be crushed between the mandibular teeth guard- 
ing the mouth. 
The second and third endites are broad, short, unequal lobes, the 
second the longer, and provided with long, delicate setulose sete. The 
fourth endite assimilates in form to the fifth and sixth, being long and 
slender, though the setiferous edge is as extended as in the second endite. 
The fifth and sixth endites (/’, (°) are each very long and slender, and 
semi-jointed, a seta arising from each pseudo-joint. 
The exite in this family is much more differentiated than in the Apodide 
or the Branchipodide, and the flabellum performs a variety of work 
besides respiration. In Limnetis the exite is divided into three portions ; 
the gill, which is oval, pear-shaped, and moderately large, while the fla- 
bellum is differentiated into a dorsal or upper very large and broad 
(Plate II, fig. 1; Plate XX VII, fig. 3), or rather narrow (L. mucronatus) 
portion (2 br’), and a lower slender part (br’’) which assimilates in form, 
and probably in function to the fifth and sixth endites of the same appen- 
dage. 
In Hstheria and also in Hulimnadia the relations of the dorsal division . 
of the flabellum (which is narrow and slender) to the gill is seen in 
Plate V, fig. 1, and also in Plate XXIV, figs.9 and 10. Some of those at 
the middle of the body serve to hold the eg ggs in place, for which function 
they are well qualified by reason of their great length, since they nearly 
meet over the back of the animal, and their long setee seem to hold the 
* The terms endite and exile were first proposed by Professor Lankester in his memoir 
on Apus, Q. J. M. S., 1+81. We have extended the term to the outer lobes of the feet 
of Phyllopods in general. 
