422 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 
A littleabove the middle of the genital segment the two ovaries are rather 
loosely attached to a yellowisk and somewhat trilobed body,! the median 
(unpaired) funnel of thetwooviducts. I said “loosely,” because on maceyr- 
ating a female in dilute acetic acid this funnel as well as the two ovarial 
strings separate, the funnel usually remaining loosely—apparently only 
attached by connective tissue—to one of the strings, and sometimes it 
is entirely separated. The two oviducts resemble inflated pig-bladders ; 
their skin is very muscular and elastic. The lower (outer) terminus of 
each oviduct appears to be closed by a sort of a sphineter, since the eggs 
contained therein (often crammed together) will be retained until the 
chorion is formed. The time occupied is very variable, but I have 
neglected to record the same. After copulation the eggs are emptied 
from the oviducts into the outer “uterine” bag, where they appear in 
the shape of a small cluster at each outer side of the two oviducts, where 
they undergo the process of segmentation. This outer bag consists of 
a very thin but tough chitinous skin inelosing the two oviducts and the 
cement-glands, and is fastened with a broad base to the upper (anterior) 
part of the external genital bag. Its exit is a very short tip in the me- 
dian line and connects with the outer valve. The eggs are now still plas- 
matic, not quite spherical in shape, and remain in their present. place, 
surrounded by the brown cement-glands, during continual rhythmic mo- 
tions produced by a ramified muscle-net,? for from 14 to 20 hours. At 
the end of this time they are perfectly spherical, having received by the 
liquid brown secretion of the gland (the gland-lobules are now perfectly 
colorless, the brown secretion surrounding the eggs), a chitinous, light- 
brown, finely granulated egg-shell. 
The cement-gland consists of three nearly equal, long, parallel, and 
longitudinal sections; there are two lateral and a median section. The 
median section (between the two oviducts) has now acquired a dark- 
blue hue. The newly-formed ovarial eggs have meanwhile also entered 
the oviduct, and, after copulation, are again emptied from the oviduct 
into the outer “uterine” bag, simultaneously expelling the already 
present light-brown eggs around the oviducts toward the median line, 
where they cluster in the median dark-blue cement gland. After two 
hours the blue glands become colorless, and ayain, after some three or 
four hours, they turn from a slight pink into brown. There the eggs 
remain until they become dark brown and very hard, afterwards to be 
deposited through the median apex of the inner uterine bag and thence 
through the valvule into the water, where they sink down. 
Kemarks.—In a paper read before the American Association Adv. 
Science, 1881, I have referred the evolutionary changes seen in the 
pale races to direct chemico-physical influences;? morphological differ- 
ences were explained through Wagner’s migration theory,* as well as 
through Darwin’s selection theory.? 
Morphological changes, such as seen in set B, C, and (?) D, may be 
regarded as a sort of Hypertelie,® (specimens, not showing similarity in 
form without purpose, originate after certain laws, slumbering in them 
until the phenomenon, Hypertelie, is animated by external influences.) 
‘Probably what Spangenberg (page 46, op. cit.) took for a receptaculum seminis. 
2See R. Buchholz, “Ueber Branchipus Grubei” in Sebriften der phys.-cecon. Gesell. 
zu Konigsberg, v, page 100, Taf. III, and also F. Leydig in op. cit. 
3 See Schmankewitsch, loc. cit. ue and same author in Zeit. £, wiss. Zool. 1877, XXIX: 
“Ueber den Hinfluss iiusserer Lebensbedingungen auf die Organisation der Thiere.” 
4“Die Darwin’sche Theorie und das Migrationsgesetz der Organismen” von Dr. 
' Moritz Wagner, 1868. See, also, “Kosmos, 3 iv, April, 1880; “Ueber die Entstehung 
der Arten durch Absonderung” von Dr. M. ‘Wagner. 
° ‘On the origin of species by means of natural selection,” 1859. 
6 “Ueber Hypertelie in der Natur” in Verhandlungen der k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. 
zu Wien, 1873, xxiii, page 133. 
SS ee 
