462 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 
eggs”! contained in dried Utah mud, male as well as female Artemie, 
and both in about the same number were obtained. To these observa- 
tions I have to annex the following, which, as regards the questions 
what sex issues in the different manners of propagation in the Naunlii, 
in future will turn out to be important. Namely, lI refer to the fact that 
also those Nauplii, which the fecundated, primiparous females of Ar- 
temia fertilis, raised from ‘ Dauer-eggs,” yielded in exactly the same 
manner, like those Nauplii hatched from ‘‘Dauer-eggs” contained in 
Utah mud, male and female individuals of Artemia fertilis. 
Concerning the manner of propagation going on after (emmalig) vivi- 
parturition and oviposition of the fecundated females, I have to say 
that this process of oviposition occurs in the same manner and with 
the same repetition as observed by me in non-fertilized females, and 
which I shall describe later. As the second part of my report on the 
domestication (Zeuchtung) of Artemia fertilis 1 have to mention experi- 
ments through which I tried to force this Branchiopod to produce par- 
thenogenetic generations. In how far I did or did not succeed in these 
experiments I cannot yet call to account, since I till now could realize 
only preparations and introductions for the same. I only want to state 
how | succeeded in obtaining the material with which I could convince 
inyself whether Artemia fertilis, like A. salina, possesses the peculiarity 
under certain circumstances to propagate parthenogenetically. It was 
easy for me to procure the necessary material, since I kept separate, as 
already stated, a jar with Artemia, which showed in their earlier devel- 
oping stages indications of yielding female individuals. From this jar 
I selected such females in whieh the first traces of concupiscence were 
noticed, and those I raised separately in a jar with brine water and 
boiled Utah mud, watching them carefully to prevent any access of 
mnales, and to let them, as genuine virgins, become concupiscent.? At 
the time when in these isolated virgins the generative organs attained 
maturity, which showed itself in the ovaries distended with germs, my 
particular attention was directed to the jar containing them. There I 
noticed that in these virgins the eggs entered from the ovaries into the 
oviduct, whence they accumulated in the uterine cavity, during which 
time the six above-mentioned shell-glands assumed a brown color. 
Later on the amber-colored secretion of the glands discharged into the 
uterus, flowing around the tender-skinned unfecundated eggs, which 
latter, kept in rhythmic motion by the contractions of the muscular walls 
1 Above I make use of the word ‘“‘ Dauer-eggs” (or permanent eggs) avoiding the 
hitherto customary specification ‘‘ winter-eggs” as not quite proper. Of course 
(allerdings) most Phyllopods deposit two difterent kinds of eggs, one kind of which 
develops soon after being deposited, while the other kind hatches after. a very long 
time, and in our climate, in most cases, after hibernation. But those latter eggs 
can also endure two or more winters under casual external conditions, if the neces- 
sary impulse from outside for the hatching of the eggs continues; I mean to say when 
the suitable moisture, giving action and completion for the development of those 
Phyllopods, does not come into effect. In this way it is accounted for that in such 
pools serving as a habitation for Phyllopods, but which remain dry for several years 
and which afterwards again become filled with water, the long disappeared Phyllo- 
pods suddenly reappear, as the there buried winter eggs (or better) ‘‘ Dauer-eggs,” 
Paes the influence of the water become animated to live activity out of the latent 
condition. 
2'To demonstrate during my lecture I prepared three jars with mud and salt water, 
into which I divided three different objects concerning Artemia in the following man- 
ner: One jar contained several full-grown males, the second jar contained fertilized 
egg-bearing females, together with two entangled copulating couples, while the third 
jar, contained virgin females, bearing non-fertilized eggs. These Artemiz arrived in 
_ goode condition, after being conveyed in their jars from Miinchen to Basel, and there 
could be exhibited alive during the lecture. 
