PACKARD.] PARTHENOGENESIS IN ARTEMIA. 463 
of the uterus, became darker and darker and surrounded with a hard 
brown shell, so that the non-fecundated, differed neither in form nor 
color or structure from the fecundated ones. The virgin Artemiz depos- 
ited their eggs some time afterwards, dropping them into the mud at 
the bottom of the jar. The uterus of such unfertilized females appeared 
to be empty after the eggs were dropped; their shell-glands were pale, 
but their ovaries again contained new germs, which gradually devel- 
oped, while the pale shell-glands, after some time, again assumed their 
_brown color, and [surmised that they prepared themselves once more for 
ovipositing non-fecundated eggs. The same process reoccurred several 
times in virgins, the latter not differing therefore in this respect from 
fecundated ones. In this manner I succeeded in accumulating a large 
number of non-fecundated eggs in the mud of the jar prepared for the 
concupiscent, non-fertilized females. I must now draw your attention 
to the fact that such oviparous virgins were never viviparous before 
depositing eggs. For the success of my experiment on parthenogenesis 
this was a bad omen. It is evident, however, that the primiparturition 
of live young ones is not realized in virgin females of Artemia fertilis ; 
but it is, nevertheless, possible that the ‘“ Dauer-eggs” dropped by the 
virgins possess the peculiarity of developing themselves without fertili- 
zation, and do yield females, and therein we would have again a con- . 
tribution to our knowledge on the distribution of parthenogenesis. I 
Shall preserve during the coming winter (1876~77) the different kinds 
of dried mud which are partly impregnated with fertilized, partly with 
non-fertilized ‘* Dauer-eggs” of Artemia fertilis, for the purpose of 
examining next spring whether the mud with fertilized eggs alone, or 
besides it, also the mud with non-fertilized eggs, will yield Nauplii, 
when it will be of importance to learn from what set the parthenogenetic 
Nauplii develop themselves. 
B.—PROF. CARL THEODOR VON SIEBOLD ON PARTHENO- 
GENESIS IN ARTEMIA SALINA.! 
ABSTRACT. 
By Dr. C. F. GISSLER. 
Owing to the remarks expressed two years ago in my paper “ Beitrage 
zur Parthenogenesis der Arthropoden” (Leipzig, 1871, p. 197), I am in- 
debted to Prof. Carl Vogt, of Geneva (Switzerland), for a lot of live in- 
dividuals of Artemia salina, which arrived at Miinchen August 27, 1872. 
I was very pleased to have received seventy live and five dead speci- 
mens, together with a number of larve, in a jar of salt water. All the 
full-grown individuals were females, which was also the case with a num- 
ber of Artemiz Dr. Vogt received from Professor Martins at Cette. I 
observed that in all the seventy specimens thus obtained the egg-sae was 
filled with embryos. The various behavior of this brood attracted my 
special attention. Having dissected the egg-sac of a dead individual, 
I noticed several live embryos escaping from the same, together with a 
few pear-shaped bodies of orange color sinking to the bottom. The lat- 
ter proved to be also embryos inclosed in a homogeneous thin egg skin. 
The outlines of the inclosed embryos could be distinctly seen through 
the egg skin, as well as the motions of the embryo. Such viviparous 
1“ Sitanngsberichte der mathematisch-physicalischen Classe zu Miinchen, 1873, 
Heft. I.” 
