464 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 
Artemiz I also observed amongst the other live specimens. After the 
escape of the brood the egg skins remained in the egg-sacs. But many 
Artemiz proved to be also oviparous. The egg-sac in such oviparous: 
specimens then contained brownish spherical, hard-shelled eggs. In 
breaking this brittleshell between two glass slides the homogeneous inner 
egg skin could be noticed. Joly, who also observed this mode of multi- 
plication, supposed the season of the year had something to do with it. 
Vogt noticed that they became oviparous when kept in a more capa- 
cious vessel, and viviparous when kept in small jars. I, myself, did not 
succeed in raising more than two generations. Not a single male indi- 
vidual was obtained from the young Artemiz received as viviparous 
generation; only 35 females attained sexual maturity. Of these 35 
females, on ‘the 20th of October the largest ones had soft, white eggs in 
the ege- sac, which became gradually ‘brown in a few days; some had 
their eggs deposited on November 5, involving at the same time a cer- 
tain mortality among my specimens, all having died by November 21, 
1872. The deposited egg did not hatch. 
After this unsuccessful attempt I concluded to get some more fresh 
material, which was forwarded to me through the kind intermediation 
of Duke Carl Theodor of Bavaria, of whose active interest in natural 
science I was aware. On the 3d of December I received two bottles with 
50 live Artemis, which were collected near Capodistria by Dr. Syrski, 
of Triest, also a large bottle of marine mud and fresh sea water. The 
Artemiz were, though dead, still of a fresh appearance. They were all 
females, and their egg-sacs were crammed with brown eggs. After re- 
moving the eggs I placed them in a shallow vessel with marine mud 
and sea water. Already four days afterwards I observed new-born em- 
bryos swimming about, and mauy more toward evening. I divided them 
on December 12 in two jars, marked with a and b. Owing to the marine 
mud containing much organic matter (which was probably not the case 
in the former experiment) they prospered well, shed their skins often, 
and developed into females. The jar destined for the specimens origin- 
ally received from Capodistria I marked with e. The embryos hatched 
therein from the eggs of the killed original specimens and those embryos 
I divided into the two jars a and b. 
That the embryos thus hatched did not all come from the eggs taken 
from the egg-sacs of the original dead but still fresh specimens is quite 
obvious, as the marine mud very likely also contained eggs of Artemia, 
which were thus brought to development. TF inally I got fully convinced 
of this view, as in the larger jars a and b gradually an immense number 
of young Artemiz grew up, whose number by far exceeded the sums of 
those embryos which I took from jar e, and which I placed into the jars 
aandb. In no case could this superfluous brood have originated from 
the older, fully-raised embryos, as the latter were not yet sexually ma- 
ture when I noticed the bulky throng of continually forthcoming em- 
bryos. On examining a quantity of the remaining mud from Triest I 
found many Artemia eggs. The hatching of embryos in jar e kept on 
from December 7, 1872, till March 23, 1873. 
Some marine mud I placed also into jars a and b, and care was taken 
to replace the evaporated salt water, a water of 1° Beaumé having been 
used for this purpose. On January 12, 1873, I counted 31 full grown 
and 136 younger individuals, not counting the very youngest ones. 
In the ovaries of seven adult females I noticed on January 19 the first 
traces of egg-formation; on the 24th I saw the yellowish eggs in the 
ovaries in 18 adult ones; 4 of them had yellowish eggs in the egg-sacs, 
and 3 had brown ones; on January 26th 3 more had also brown eggs in 
the egg-sacs. 
