SHUFELDT.] OSTEOLOGY OF LANIUS. 725 
and although we have the young of this Shrike before us, the limits of 
this paper will not allow a critical description of this interesting and 
important region of the skeleton, that can only be obtained by careful 
study of the youngling. 
The manus contains its customary complement of bonelets, as seen in 
the pinions of the major part of the class in general (Fig. 100); medius 
and annularis metacarpals are firmly united together, and with the short 
first metacarpal that bears the index; the broad phalanx of the second 
iS concave upon its anconal aspect and supports below the distal joint 
of the hand; thesmallest phalanx of all is freely attached to annularis, 
which latter metacarpal extends some little distance below its stouter 
fellow, the medius. The pelvic limb is non-pneumatic, and consists in 
the adults of the usual number of bones, the patella being present. 
The femur, less than 2.5 centimeters long, has no trochanter minor, and 
the larger process of this name is but feebly produced; the head, with 
its single depression for the ligamentum teres may justly be said to 
be at right angles with the cylindrical shaft, which latter is slightly 
convex forwards; the condyles are well developed and the outer one pre- 
sents the usual fibular groove. The tibia presents nothing that differs 
in any marked extent from the oscines in general; it has no rotular 
process, but the pro-and ecto-cnemial apophyses are well produced and 
turned slightly outwards; at its distal end we observe, anteriorly, the 
usual tendinal bony bridge for extensor tendons. The fibula can be 
detached from the tibia by maceration, but its lower extremity spins out 
into amere thread at the junction of mid and lower thirds of the latter bone. 
There are no free tarsal segments, and the same remarks apply here as 
we used in speaking of the wrist-joint above. The tarso-metatarsus 
(Fig. 99) is very delicately constructed below, while above it is stouter 
and presents immediately back of its head the process we have calied ten- 
dinous, pierced by two pairsof foramina. A thinlamina of bone extends 
along its shaft behind. Weobserve that the os metatarsale accessoriumis 
unusually large, as is the toe it supports; but otherwise the internodes 
are arranged upon the general plan of the oscine foot, which brings to 
our mind nothing of a raptorial type, except, perhaps, as we know the 
bird, the decided curvature of the hind claw, which is still further 
nereased and lengthened when armed with its horny theca, 
