FISHES OF THE FAMILY LORICARIID.E. 227 



between the nuchal and posthumeral series. Lower surface of head and abdomen 

 completely covered with small granular scales. D. I 11 ; length of base of dorsal equal 

 to 1^ times its distance from the caudal. A. I 4. Pectoral spine extending to last j 

 of ventral. Caudal emarginate. Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep. Irregular 

 dark spots on head and body ; fins dark with reticulating light lines. 



Total length 400 mm. 



Two specimens (including the type of H. duodecimalis) : Rio San Francisco, Brazil. 



4. Ancistrus gibbiceps. 



Ancistrus gibbiceps Kner, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, vii. 1854, p. 281, pi. v. fig. 2. 



Liposarcus altipinnis Giinth. Cat. Fish. v. p. 239 (1864). 



Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps Giinth. t. c. p. 252; Eigenm. & Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. 1839, p. 44, 



and Occ. Pap. Cal. Ac. i. 1890, p. 429. 

 Liposarcus scrophus Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 136. 

 Clue tostomus gibbiceps Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xliii. 1881, p. 114, pi. iv. fig. 1. 



Depth of body 4-g— 4-f times in the total length, length of head 2f- 3 times. Head as 

 broad as long and \\ times as long us deep. Diameter of eye 6-^— 7f times in the 

 length of head, interorbital width 2-2-g- times, length of snout If times. Length of 

 mandibular ramus 3^-of- times in the interorbital width. Snout narrowed anteriorly; 

 supraoccipital with a strongly elevated median ridge ; supraorbital edges scarcely 

 raised; temporal plates carinate ; interopcrculum armed with a few slender spines, the 

 longest less than \ the diameter of eye. Scutes spinulose, carinate except on the 

 caudal peduncle, 28-30 in a longitudinal series, 5-6 between dorsal and adipose fin, 

 12-14 between anal and caudal. Supraoccipital bordered posteriorly by a median 

 scute and one on each side ; 3-4 series of scutes between nuchal and posthumeral 

 series. Lower surface of head and abdomen completely covered with small granular 

 scales. D. 1 12-13, the first ray equal in length to the head; length of base of dorsal 

 equal to about \\ times its distance from the caudal. A. I 4. Pectoral spine 

 extending nearly to middle of ventral. Caudal emarginate, the outer rays produced. 

 Caudal peduncle about 3 times as long as deep. Head, body, and fins with rather 

 large dark spots separated by reticulating light lines ; spots on the head smallest, on 

 the occipital region more or less regularly radiating. 



Total length 2S0 mm. 



Three specimens : R. Amazon. 



5. Ancistrus lituratus. 



Ancistrus lituratus Kner, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, vii. 1854, p. 285, pi. v. fig. 3. 



Pterygoplichthys lituratus Giiuih. Cat. Fish. v. p. 252 (1864); Eigenm. & Eigonm. Proc. Cal. Ac. 



(2) ii. 1889, p. 45, and Occ. Pap. Cal. Ac. i. 1890, p. 433. 

 C/ueloslomus lituratus Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wion, xliii. 1881, p. 115. 



