FISHES OP THE FAMILY LORICAKIIME. 269 



Depth of body about 5^ times in the total length, length of head 3 times. Diameter 

 of eye about 6 times in the length of head, interorbital width 2^- times, length of snout 

 2\ times. Occipital region evenly convex, without crests. Scutes spinulose, not 

 carinate, 24-26 in a longitudinal series. Lower surface of head with a naked area in 

 front of the clavicles ; abdomen covered with numerous small plates, somewhat 

 irregularly arranged. D. I 7 ; origin of dorsal a little behind that of ventrals. No 

 adipose fin. A. I 5. Pectoral spine extending nearly to middle of ventral. Caudal 

 slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle 8 times as long as deep. Olivaceous ; caudal 

 blackish, with a few white spots or lines which are most distinct on the outer rays ; 

 other fins with dark spots or cross-bars. 



Total length 40 mm. 



Ten specimens : Rio Grande do Sul. 



8. fOTOCINCLUS PERFORATUS. 



Microlepidog aster perforatus Eigenm. & Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. 1889, p. 42, and Occ. Pap. 

 Cal. Ac. i. 1890, p. 394. 



Closely allied to 0. nigricauda. Diameter of eye 8|- times in the length of head. 

 27 scutes in a longitudinal series. Origin of dorsal considerably behind that of 

 ventrals. Abdomen covered with numerous small plates. Colour not stated. 



A single specimen, 32 mm. in length to base of caudal, has been recorded from the 

 E. Carandahy, Bio Grande do Sul. 



9. Otocinclus lophophanes. 



Rhinelepis lophophanes Eigenm. & Eigenm. Proc. Cal. Ac. (2) ii. 1889, p. 42, and Occ. Pap. Ca). 

 Ac. i. 1890, p. 416. 



Depth of body about 4 times in the total length, length of head 2|- times. Diameter 

 of eye 7 times in the length of head, interorbital width 2\ times, length of snout 

 3 times. Supraoccipital with a median and paired crests. Scutes spinulose, all 

 carinate, 21 in a longitudinal series. Lower surface of head with a naked area in 

 front of the clavicles ; abdomen naked, except for a few plates just behind the coracoid? 

 and an isolated plate between the ventrals. D. I 7, origin of dorsal above that of 

 ventrals. A. I 5. Pectoral spine extending nearly to posterior end of ventral. Caudal 

 peduncle about 3-g- times as long as deep. Olivaceous. 



Total length 18 mm. 



One specimen (type of the species) from Santa Cruz, South-eastern Brazil. 



Subfamily III. Loricariin m. 



Vertebra? below the dorsal fin with bifid neural spines, those above the anal fin with 

 bifid haemal spines ; lower and fourth upper pharyngeals toothed ; teeth in the jaws 

 in a single series ; pseudobranchise present ; upper part of the body protected by bony 



