OF FISHES FEOM LAKE TANGANYIKA. 539 



being either controverted or unsupported by the only reliable evidence — an exami- 

 nation of the genital glands *. 



In my last report I expressed the opinion that, notwithstanding the exertions of 

 Mr. Moore and the officers in the service of the Congo Free State, not more than one- 

 half of the species of Fishes existing in Lake Tanganyika was then known to Science. 

 The valuable collection formed by Dr. Cunnington goes a long way towards the 

 fulfilment of this prediction. Mr. Moore's first collection, made in 1895-96, contained 

 about 90 Fishes, referred to 33 species, 25 of which were described as new. His 

 second collection, made in 1899-1900, contained 180 examples of 48 species, 22 of 

 which were new. Dr. Cunnington succeeded in bringing home 300 specimens, referred 

 to S4 species, 27 of which are here described for the first time. No doubt many more 

 species remain to be discovered. 



The following Table, giving a complete list of the Tanganyika fishes, will show 

 the order in which they have been discovered. Column 1 indicates the species 

 discovered by Mr. Coode Hore and described by Dr. Giinther in 1893; column 2 the 

 species in Mr. Moore's first collection ; column 3 those in the various small collections 

 formed by the officers of the Congo Free State ; column 4 those in Mr. Moore's second 

 collection ; and column 5 those in Dr. Cunnington's collection. The names of endemic 

 genera and species are printed in italics. 



1 [Since the reading of this Report I have been able to considerably extend my observations on the nursing- 

 habits of these fishes, and in every case the specimen carrying eggs or young in the mouth has proved to be 

 of the female sex. 



First, Mr. E. Degen has brought back from Lake Victoria a large and valuable series of Cichlid fishes, 

 many of -which represented new species which have been described in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural 

 History ' for May 1906. The maternal solicitude was observed in three species, viz. : — Haplochvomis ishmaeli, 

 Paratilapia serranus, and Tilapia martini. 



Secondly, Lord Walsingham, when at Biskra in February and March last, was so kind as to collect for me 

 a large number of Haplochromis desfonlainesii in a tepid spring at Am Oumash, and most of the females, which 

 do not appear to reach so large a size as the males, had the mouth and pharynx full of eggs or embryos. The 

 egg of this fish is not perfectly round, the upper pole being somewhat pointed ; the vitellino sac, when hanging 

 from the embryo, is pyriiorm iu shape. 



And, thirdly, Dr. Giinther has been so good as to hand over to me, for the British Museum, a further series 

 of Tilapia philander, together with some I. natalensis, which he had received from the Rev. N. Abraham, 

 several of which have eggs in the mouth as well as iu the genital glands. — 23.G.06.] 



4c2 



