26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I45 



Material. — Seven specimens. 



Remarks. — There is little doubt that these specimens belong to 

 this living species. They are identical in all characters. The species 

 is known all over the West Indies from Florida to Brazil. Sanchez 

 Roig (1949, p. 82) reported it as fossil from the Pleistocene of Cuba. 

 The specimens which Cooke (1959, p. 36) referred to this species 

 are herein referred to Clypeaster crassus Kier, new species. 



Fossil occurrence. — Caloosahatchee formation, loc. 3, 4, 6. 



Types. — Figured specimen, U.S.N.M. 648162 (fossil), loc. 3; 

 U.S.N.M. 648177 (Recent). 



CLYPEASTER ROSACEUS (Linnaeus) 



Echinus rosaceus Linnaeus, 1758, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 665. 



Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Mortensen, 1948, Monograph of the Echi- 



noidea, vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 40, pi. 1, figs. 2-4; pi. 64, figs. 1-5. (See this work for 



a list of the pre-1948 references to this species.) 

 Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Sanchez Roig, 1949, Paleont. Cubana, vol. 1, 



p. 78. 

 Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Sanchez Roig, 1952, Revision de los Clype- 



asteridos Cubanos, p. 9. 

 Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Durham, 1955, Univ. California Publ. Geol. 



Sci., vol. 31, no. 4, text figs. 15a, 25a. 

 Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Cooke, 1959, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 



321, p. 34, pi. 10, figs. 1-3. 

 Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus). Cooke, 1961, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 142, 



No. 4, p. 16, pi. 5, fig. 3. 



CLYPEASTER ROSACEUS ROSACEUS (Linnaeus) 



This subspecies has been recorded as fossil from the Miocene of 

 Venezuela (Cooke, 1961, p. 16) and the Pleistocene of Cuba (San- 

 chez Roig, 1949, p. 78). It was not found in the Tamiami or Caloosa- 

 hatchee formations. 



Ecology. — I have observed this species off Key Biscayne, Fla., in 

 3 feet of water living on top of the sand sea floor. They had covered 

 the top of their tests with sea shells and portions of the dead tests of 

 other echinoids. 



CLYPEASTER ROSACEUS DALLI (Twitchell) 

 Plate 10 ; text figures 19-23 



Diplothecanthus rosaceus (Lamarck). Clark and Twitchell, 1915, U.S. Geol. 



Surv. Monogr. 54, p. 219, pi. 102, figs, la, b; pi. 103, figs, la, b. 

 Diplothecanthus dalli Twitchell, 1915, U.S. Geol. Surv. Monogr. 54, p. 218, pi. 99, 



figs. 2a, b; pi. 100, figs, la, b. 



