country in January, and Canon Tristram says that a few pairs may be seen througliout 

 the winter in Algeria. 



Lord Lilford writes : — " I observed but few of this species in Cyprus, but Guillemard 

 found it breeding in great numbers on the walls of the monastery of Kikko towards the 

 end of May 1887, and states that a few of these birds remain in Cyprus throughout the 

 winter." 



In Palestine, according to Canon Tristram, the Martin " arrives in great numbers 

 about the 5th of April, and baving no Avindows to be utilized, builds on the faces of 

 cliffs in all the valleys and ravines." 



Mr. Wyatt says : — " I met with a few of these birds in Wady Wisset, in the Sinaitic 

 Peninsula, on March 16th ; it was the only place where I saw them, with the exception 

 of a single bird I shot in Wady Eeiran." 



Both Lindermayer and Mtihle record the Martin as a common visitor to Greece in 

 summer; and the same may be said of Turkey, according to Messrs. Elwes and Buckley. 

 Professor Brusina says that' it is very rare in Agram, but plentiful in Cattaro, and he 

 also found the species at Cettinje and Bijeka along with Illrimdo rustica. In Southern 

 Russia, according to Von Nordmann, it is everywhere abundant, nesting not only in the 

 villages, but in isolated houses, such as posting-stations, and it is even found breeding 

 on the stone or wooden bridges which are found in the middle of the stejipe. In 

 Astrachan, according to the observations of Mr. Henke, the Martin is not so common 

 as Cotile riparia, and is not seen on the steppes. In the Caucasus, Dr. Badde says, the 

 species is somewhat local, occurring in colonies, and not frequenting the low-lying and 

 hot jiortioDS of the country. In many places it is more common than niriDido rustica, 

 and it is met with breeding up to 9000 feet. In Southern Dagestan, Dr. P^adde found 

 it rarer than the Chimney-Swallow. 



There seems to have been some hesitation in the minds of several ornithologists as 

 to the eastern range of the House-Martin, and neither Mr. Dresser nor Mr. Seebohm 

 fully recognize the fact of its occurrence in India, where it has often, no doubt, been 

 confused with C. cashmirlensis. 



Mr. Blanford procured a specimen at Karman, near Shiraz, and gives the following 

 note in his ' Birds of Eastern Persia ' : — " Not rare on the Persian highlands about towns 

 and villages, though it is scarcely so common as it is in many parts of Europe. The 

 Persians encourage the House-Martin to build in houses by hanging up little stands for 

 them to settle upon, their presence in a house being considered lucky. I usually found 

 their nests in villages at a considerable elevation, 0000 or 7000 feet, but the birds breed 

 in Shiraz and other towns below 5000 feet. They are, of course, only summer visitors 

 on the Persian highlands." 



Mr. Zarudnoi met with it commonly on the mountains during his journey to Trans- 

 caspia. At Akal-Teke it was rarer, nesting in the ruins of the fortresses. In August 

 bands of Martins came from the north on migration. 



Dr. Severtzoff does not record the House-Martin from Turkestan, but includes 



