so common as the House-Martin and SwalloTr, and is oftener found iu the north than in 

 the south of Portugal. I have met with it in various places in the province of Minho, 

 and on the river of that name it is very abundant, burrowing in the sandy banks of the 

 islands worn away by the current. A colony is established at the roadside near the 

 favourite shrine of Bom Jesus do Monte, near Braga, and I have seen another at 

 Magdalena, near Oporto. Some were seen by me April 5th, 1884, between Beja and 

 Mertola, in the Alemtejo, on the banks of the river Torges, and I saw the holes in 

 the bank where they nested." 



Major Alexander von Homey er met with the species iu the Balearic Isles, and 

 found about twenty pairs breeding near Alcudie. 



In Morocco the Sand-Martin is migratory, according to M. Favier, and the least 

 abundant of the Swallows about Tangier, arriving to cross the Straits in March and 

 April, retiu-ning in October to disajipear for the winter. In Algeria it breeds near 

 Cherif, according to Loche, but is not common. Mr. Dixon, in his paper on the Birds 

 of the Province of Constantino, writes : — " We observed the Sand-Martin both at 

 PhilippeviUe and Constantine, and also near the sandy banks of the Oued Kantara some 

 few miles before it reaches the oasis bearing that name." 



Canon Tristram's Algerian note is as follows : — " A few at El Aghouat iu 

 November. They did not apjaear to winter in the Sahara, and can only, I imao'ine, 

 be stragglers there at any time, as the Weds and oases afford them but few conveniences 

 for nidiiication." 



Mr. Salvin obserA'ed the species on one or two occasions in the Eastern Atlas, 

 and he noticed it on the road between Tunis and Kef during the third week in March, 

 but never saw others subsequently. In Tunis Dr. Koenig considers the Sand-Martin to 

 be an irregular migrant. 



Mr. Godmau procured specimens near Orotava iu Teneriffe on the 21st of April, 

 and Mr. Meade-Waldo says that the species was very numerous in that island when he 

 visited the Canaries. 



To return to Europe, the Sand-Martin appears to be found throughout Southern 

 Europe and the Mediterranean basin in suitable localities. Thus Mr. Howard Saunders, 

 in his paper on the birds of Switzerland, says that he noticed them about April 12th 

 breeding in banks near Bienne and elsewhere in the Hat country, but it was rare 

 at Vevey. 



In Southern Austria Yon Tschusi says that it breeds in suitable places, being most 

 common on the banks of tlic Danube below Presburg. In Hungary Professor 

 Privaldsky states that it arrives a little later than the House-Martin, and l)re(>ds in 

 suitable localities, leaving in September. 



Professor Giglioli sends us the I'ollowiug note : — " Culilc /■'qniria lirccds in hirgc 

 colonies in all suitable localities in all Kortheru Italy (Piedmont, Lonibardy, A'eneto), 

 also in Tuscany (j)rovinee of (irosseto in lliu Marcniiiia). Il appears tn lie less frcciui'iil, 

 probably from tlie want of suitable localities, luillii'r sdulii in ihc Italian I'cuiiisuia ; 

 l)u( there are large breeding-colonies in Sicily (Lentina, Callani;~scU:i, and Palrrnin). and 



