Hab. in regione Indica et in snb-regione Indo-Sinensi. 



Adidt male. General colour above glossy bi-own, rather paler towards the rump and upper tail-coverts; 

 wings a little darker brown than the back, with edgings of slightly paler brown, as well as on the 

 inner secondaries ; bastard- wing, f)rimary-coverts, and quills dark brown ; tail-feathers dark 

 brown ; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts brown ; throat and breast ashy brown ; 

 lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts white ; flanks slightly washed with brown ; thighs 

 brown; axillaries and under wing-eoverts brown like the breast but a little darker; quills dusky 

 below, rather browner along the inner webs : " bill black ; gape pale fleshy ; iris dark brown ; feet 

 dusky brownish, claws dusky" {Scully). Total length 3"9 inches, culmen 0*25, wing 3"45, tail 1-6, 

 tarsus 0" 1. 



Adult female. Like the male in plumage. Total length 4 inches, culmen 0'25, wing 3'3, tail TSo, 

 tarsus 0'35. 



Young. Much lighter brown than the adults, and shaded with sandy rufous, all the feathers broadly edged 

 with the latter colour, producing a nearly uniform rufous appearance on the lower back and 

 rump ; underneath, the portions of the throat and breast which are brown in the adult are pale 

 sandy rufous. 



Hab. Southern China and Formosa, Cochin China and the Burmese countries to Northern Tenasserim, 

 Northern India from Assam to Sind, and south to the Central Provinces and the Southern 

 Bombay Presidency. 



This pretty little Sand-Martin is widely spread over India, but becomes rarer towards 

 the south of the Peninsula, and is entirely rtnrecorded from many districts. 



Mr. Hume says that it is abundant on all the great Punjab rivers and on the Indus, 

 and his collection contains specimens from the banks of the latter and the Chenab River, 

 obtained during his expedition to Sind in the month of December, at Mooltan, Sukkur, 

 and Kusmore. Mr. Murray says that it is a permanent resident in Sind, and breeds at 

 Kuggatora and upwards, towards, and beyond Seliwan, in holes in the river-banks about 

 January. Mr. Hume states that he has taken eggs in May on the Jhelum, and Mr. 

 Scrope Doig found it nesting in the Eastern Narra in February. Colonel Butler, whose 

 specimens from Deesa, procured in January, are in the Hume collection, considers it to 

 be a permanent resident throughout Sind, Cutch, Kathiawar, and Gujariit, Avhere, he says, 

 it is common, but is, as a rule, confined to the banks of rivers. In a later-publislied note 

 Colonel Butler gives the date of arrival as the 25th of June in 1876, and the date of 

 departure as the 20th of April. He thinks that a few birds may remain all the year 

 round, but the majority disapj)ear in hot weather. He believes that it breeds on Mount 

 Aboo. Mr. Hume adds a note that though it occurs in suitable localities iu Sind, Cutch, 

 Kathiawar, and Jodhpur, it is comparatively rare in the three latter. Dr. Leitli Adams 

 found the species abundant on the Chimouraree Lake in Ladak, and during the cold 

 montlis on lakes and pools among the salt-ranges of the Punjab. Mr. Pl. M. Adam 

 records it as very common near Sambhur, and has taken the nest on the 15th of April. 

 Colonel G. E. L. Marshall has found the present species breeding near Saharanpur in 



