6 



latter beiug always more perfect in the whiter-breasted birds. The rufous mottling of the collar 

 may therefore be a sign of breeding-plumage in certain of the westei'n birds, or it may be the 

 result of interbreeding with one of the darker eastern forms — a supposition which is founded on 

 great probability. 



As regards the respective ranges of Hirundo rustica and H. gutturalis, we propose to supplement 

 the remarks made in the ' Catalogue of Birds ' by a detailed list of the specimens now in the 

 British Museum, and it will thus be seen how completely the ranges of the two races overlap. 

 In the subjoined paragraphs we have given the localities of the two races, as recorded by competent 

 writers. It is obviously impossible for us to examine specimens from every country, but many of 

 the specimens referred to H. rustica or H. gutturalis in the mass of records of these two species 

 must belong to the intermediate form. 



Regarding the ordinary European Hirundo rustica as the typical form, it concerns our present 

 purpose only to give a list of specimens from localities where the two species may be expected 

 to overlap in habitat. The following, therefore, are extra-European localities for typical 

 H. rustica in the collection of the British Museum : — Fao ; Bushire ; Yarkand ; Kandahar 

 Gulran; Khelat; Cashmere; Gilgit; Almora; Sambhur; Etawah ; Deesa; Saugorj Khandeish 

 Deccan ; Ahmednuggur ; Ceylon ; Maunbhum ; Calcutta ; Nepal ; Sikhim ; Native Sikhim 

 Oudh; Behar; Dibrughur; Shillong ; Kamroop ; Cachar; Manipur; Elephant Point ; Tonghoo 

 Lower Pegu ; Moulmein ; Thatone ; Mooleyit ; Thouugyeen Valley ; Amherst ; Mergui 

 Khyketo ; Mt. Harriet, S. Andamans; Great Cocos Isl. ; Java; Manila; Mindanao; Kina 

 Balu ; Celebes ; Batchian ; Shanghai ; Amoy. 



The specimens which may be referred to typical H. gutturalis are from the following localities : — 

 Rajkote in Kathiawar ; Kamptee ; Mhow ; Maunbhum; Dibrughur; Shillong; Sadhyia ; 

 Sylhet; Manipur; Elephant Point ; Tonghoo; Pegu; Mooleyit; Houngthraw River ; Khyketo ; 

 Bopyin ; Moulmein ; Amherst ; Tavoy ; Malewoon ; Mt. Harriet, Andamans ; Malacca ; Klang, 

 Selangore ; Singapore Island; Johore ; Gulf of Siam; Sumatra [C. Bock); Java; Labuan; 

 Baram (C. Hose) ; San Mateo, Luzon; Celebes; Batchian; Halmahera; Bourou {H. O.Forbes) ; 

 Amboina [H. O.Forbes); Amoy; Canton; Formosa; Japan. 



Birds with a strong rufescent tinge on the under surface, showing an approach to H. savignii 

 or H. tytleri, are from the following localities : — England ; Hungary ; Asia Minor ; Accra, 

 W. Africa; S. Africa; Etawah. All these would be called H. pagorum by recent advocates of 

 that subspecies. 



Intermediate specimens between H. rustica and its ally H. gutturalis are from the following 

 places : — Cyprus ; Mekran coast ; Gilgit ; Dhurmsala ; Sehwan ; llaipur ; Madras ; Cotta, Ceylon ; 

 Maunbhum; Calcutta; Dinapur; Mynpuri; Sikhim; Darjiling ; Shillong; Kamroop; Mani- 

 pur ; Bhamo ; Pegu ; Bopyin ; Tavoy ; Kaukaryit ; Moulmein ; Amherst ; Malewoon ; Anda- 

 mans ; Klang, Selangore; Penang; Pulo Seban ; Malacca; Singapore; Java; San Mateo, 

 Luzon ; Manila ; Celebes ; Amoy ; Vladiowstock. 



Specimens from Etawah, Manipur, and Singapore Island appear to us to be intermediate 

 between H. gutturalis and H. tytleri, and between the latter bird and H. rustica are specimens 

 from Gurgaon, Dacca, and Tavoy. 



Mr. Hume, writing in 1888, on the birds of Manipur, observes: — "The Sylliet male, the 

 finest bird out of a large flock, is undoubtedly H. gutturalis, but the Manipur birds ought, I 

 think, to stand as H. rustica." He then gives measurements, and concludes : — " I have dealt 

 in detail with these two races in ' Stray Feathers,' vol. vi. p. -ll, and can only repeat my doubts 



