Barren Grounds, and not uncommon throughout the course of the Slave and Mackenzie 

 Pavers, and that their first appearance at Port Chipewyan was on the 25th of June, 1825. 

 Major Long's discovery was named Hirundo lunifrons by Say in 1823 ; and the follow- 

 ing year Audubon published his hitherto MS. name republicana in the ' Annals of the 

 New York Lyceum of Natural History,' with some remarks on the species, in connection 

 with some observations of Governor de Witt Clinton, who called the bird Hirundo opifex. 

 Meanwhile, Vieillot had described the West Indian conspecies as Hirundo fuloa ; and 

 the future Prince Bonaparte adopted this name for our species in 1825. Thus in the 

 short space of two years, 1823-25, the interesting Anouyma, ' No. 35,' before known 

 only by number, like the striped inmates of some of our penal establishments, suddenly 

 became quite a lion, with titles galore in the binomial Jtaut ton. But it was not till 

 1850 that it was actually raised to the sublime degree of Petrochelidon, though it had 

 long been taken and held to be a master mason. 



" The Cliff-Swallow has been supposed by some to be an immigrant of comparatively 

 recent date in the Eastern United States ; but it does not appear that any broad theory 

 of a general progressive eastward extension is fairly deducible from the evidence we 

 possess. On the contrary, much of the testimony is merely indicative of the dates 

 when, in various parts of the country, the birds began to build under eaves, and so 

 establish colonies where none existed before ; and some of the evidence opposes the view 

 just mentioned. The Swallows, as a rule, are birds of local distribution in the breeding- 

 season notwithstanding their pre-eminent migratory abilities ; they tend to settle in 

 particular places, and return year after year ; and nothing is better known than that 

 one town may be full of Swallows of several kinds unknown in another town hard by. 

 I suppose the real meaning of the record is ' only this and nothing more.' Neverthe- 

 less, these accounts are interesting, and all have their bearing on the natural history of 

 this remarkable bird. It was unknown to Wilson. In 1817, between Audubon's times 

 of observation in Kentucky, Clinton says he first saw Eave-S wallows at Whitehall, New 

 York, at the southern end of Lake Champlain. Zadock Thompson found them at 

 Randolph, Yt., about the same time. Mr. G. A. Boardman tells me that they were no 

 novelty at St. Stephen's, New Brunswick, in 1828. Dr. Brewer received their eggs from 

 Coventry, Yt., in 1837, when they were new to him ; but the date of their appearance 

 there was not determined. They are said by the same writer to have appeared at Jaffrey, 

 N.H., in 1838 ; at Carlisle, P., in 1811 ; and the appearance of a large colony which he 

 observed at Attleborough, Mass., in 1842, indicated that they had been there for several 

 years. During the last-mentioned year they were present, apparently for the first time, 

 in Boston and neio-hbourint}; metastatic foci of the adobe. The record also teaches that 

 these birds do not necessarily change from ' Cliff ' to ' Eave ' Swallows in the east, for in 

 1861 Professor Verrill discovered a large colony breeding on limestone cliffs of Anti- 

 costi, remote from man, and in their primitive fashion. That the settlement of the 

 country has conduced to the general dispersion of the birds during the breeding-season 

 in places that knew them not before is undoubted ; but that any general eastward 



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