58 Classification of the Mammalia. 



which the Linnean terras may well be retained ; viz. Mutilata, 

 Ungulata and Unguiculata, the maimed, the hoofed, and the 

 clawed series. 



These characters can only be applied to the Gyrencephalous 

 subclass ; i. e, they do not indicate natural groups, save in that 

 section of the Mammalia. To associate the Lyencephala and 

 Lissencephala with the unguiculate Gyrencephala into one great 

 primary group, as in the Mammalian systems of Ray, Linnaeus 

 and Cuvier, is a misapplication of a solitary character akin to that 

 which would have founded a primary division ou the discoid pla- 

 centa or the diphyodont dentition. No one has proposed to asso- 

 ciate the unguiculate Bird or Lizard with the unguiculate Ape ; 

 and it is but a little less violation of natural affinities to associate 

 the Monotremes with the Quadrumanes in the same primary 

 (unguiculate) division of the Mammalian class. 



The three primary divisions of the Gyrencephala are of higher 

 value than the ordinal divisions of the Lissencephala ; just as 

 those orders are of higher value than the representative families 

 of the Marsupials. 



The Mutilata, or the maimed Mammals with folded brains, 

 are so called because their hind-limbs seem, as it were, to have 

 been amputated ; they possess only the pectoral pair of limbs, and 

 these in the form of fins : the hind end of the trunk expands into 

 a broad, horizontally flattened, caudal fin. They have large brains 

 with many and deep convolutions, are naked, and have neither 

 neck, scrotum, nor external ears. 



The first order, called Cetacea, in this divison are either eden- 

 tulous or monophyodont, and with teeth of one kind and usually 

 of simple form. They are testicouda and have no ' vesiculse semi- 

 nales.' The mammas are pudendal ; the placenta is diffused ; the 

 external nostrils — single or double — are on the top of the head, 

 and called spiracles or " blow-holes." They are marine, and, for 

 the most part, range the unfathomable ocean ; though with cer- 

 tain geographical limits as respects species. They feed on fishes 

 or marine animals. 



The second order, called Sirenia, have teeth of different kinds, 

 incisors which are preceded by milk-teeth, and molars with flat- 

 tened or ridged crowns, adapted for vegetable food. The nostrils 

 are two, situated at the upper part of the snout ; the lips are beset 

 with stiff bristles ; the mammae are pectoral ; the testes are abdo- 

 minal, as in the Cetacea, but are associated with vesicular semina- 

 les. The Sirenia exist near coasts or ascend laro:e rivers : brows- 



