86 Geological Survey of Canada. 



miles. From this however are to be excepted certain localities on the- 

 coast, where plains are met with having a superficial area of from a 

 hundred to a thousand acres underlaid by peat partly bare of vegetation, 

 but over considerable spaces, supporting a heavy growth of wild grass 

 from four to five feet high. 



From a position a few miles east of South-west Point to Wreck Bay,, 

 which is at the east end of the island, between Heath Point and East 

 Point, the elevation of the coast above high water is from seven to fif- 

 teen feet, with the exception of the neighbourhood of South Point and 

 Cormorant Point, which rise to the height of from twenty to thirty feet 

 on the shore ; but very little rise takes place inland for from one to 

 three miles, and this flat surface is bounded to the north by a gradual 

 slope, rising to the height of from one hundred to two hundred feet,, 

 probably becoming more elevated still further inland. The low coun- 

 try is a succssion of peat plains, occasionally bare, but often covered 

 with wild grass ; the whole being varied with strips and clumps of trees,. 

 as well as dotted with small lakes, on which ducks, geese, and other 

 wild fowl breed in considerable numbers. 



The whole of the north side of the island is a succession of ridge-like 

 elevations of from 200 to 500 feet above the sea, separated by depres- 

 sions. From English Head, three miles east from the West Cliff, a dis- 

 tance of fifty-eight miles in a straight line, each successive ridge and 

 valley occupies a breadth of from four to six miles ; the ridges form a 

 somewhat rounded end, facing the sea on the north ; their rise is first 

 well marked at from a quarter of a mile to a mile from the shore, and 

 in about a mile more inland they attain their greatest elevation ; con- 

 tinuing "this elevation to the south and widening, they narrow the inter- 

 mediate valley, until, as far as known, the country becomes in appear- 

 ance of a gently undulating character. The run of the valleys with 

 some exceptions is from S. 10° W. to S. 30° W. 



Macastey Ridge or Mountain, eleven miles east from the west end, 

 rises upwards of four hundred feet at about a mile inland. High Cliff, 

 eighteen miles further east, is probably 500 feet, one quarter of a mile 

 from the shore ; these are in some respects the most conspicuous ridges. 

 High Cliff is a bold head-land, while Macastey Mountain is separated by 

 a broader valley than usual from its neighbour to the east, and is higher 

 than any other to the west. Macastey Mountain is a conspicuous object 

 when viewed even from the south side of the island, in the neighbour- 

 hood of Ellis, or Gamache Bay ; sailing up this natural harbour, it is 

 observed in front a little to the right about five or six miles distant. 

 , The succession of ridge and valley from English Head all the way to 

 West Cliff, is regular and characteristic, and produces a pleasing and 

 beautiful effect. From West Cliff to Observation Bay, a distance of 

 about twenty miles, there is a similar succession, but on this part the 

 ridges rise to their full elevation nearer to the shore. West Cliff rises im- 

 mediately over the sea to an elevation of between 200 and 400 feet. Char- 

 leton Point has an elevation of 100 feet over the sea, and a quarter of a 



