Geological Survey of Canada. 87 



mile inland rises to between 300 and 400 feet; from Charleton Point to 

 Observation Bay the coast is somewhat lower, Observation Bay forming 

 an indentation on the coast of a mile and a quarter deep, and five miles 

 across ; from the head of this bay a well marked valley bears S. 10° W. 

 From Observation Bay to Gull Cape, a distance of fifty-three miles, 

 the cliffs become prominent on the coast, rising almost perpendicularly 

 at the points to the height of from 100 to 300 feet ; and the indentations 

 are more numerous, producing more sharply defined valleys. 



Between Bear Head and Cape Robert, a distance of five miles and 

 a-half, the greatest indentation from a straight line is about a mile and 

 a-half; but this is subdivided into Easton Bay, Tower Bay, and White 

 Bay, the last being the largest. 



Salmon River Bay, east from Cape Henry, is five miles wide, and its 

 greatest depth is one mile. Salmon River runs through a well-marked 

 valley, of which the general bearing up-stream is S. 65" W. for nearly 

 six miles, where a transverse valley, in the bearing N". 77° W. and S. 

 77° E. (about parallel with the coast) meets it, and gives it two streams 

 running from opposite directions. From the middle of the valley the 

 land gradually rises on each side to the height of from 400 to 450 feet, 

 and the bed of the valley must rise pretty fast ;- for though the current 

 of the stream is without leaps, it is rather rapid. 



Prinsta Bay, further east, is an indentation of about one mile in depth, 

 with a width of a mile and a-half; perpendicular cliffs surround this 

 bay to the height of from 100 to 150 feet, except at the very head, where 

 two creeks cut through the rock. On the west side of Prinsta Bay is Cape 

 James, 150 feet in height ; and on the east is Table Head. Table Head has 

 a face of from 150 to 160 feet perpendicular, and gains almost at once an 

 additional height, from the summit of which there is a gradual descent on 

 the opposite side, the surface forming on that side a rough outline to 

 the valley through which Fox River passes to Fox Bay, which affords 

 the second important harbour on the Island. The upward course of the 

 valley of the Fox River is N. 72° W. 



From Fox Point on the west side of the bay to Gulf Cape, upwards 

 of a mile on the east side, there is a distance of six miles, in which the 

 coast is low, Fox Point, the highest part of this, not being more than 

 from thirty to forty feet above the sea. 



From Gulf Cape to Wreck Bay, a distance of eleven miles, the cliffs 

 are in general perpendicular, and from 100 to 130 feet, while the surface 

 back from them gives, as far as observed, a slightly rolling country. 



Excepting the valley of Jupiter River, there are no well-defined val- 

 leys on the south side of the island. 



In respect to the soil of the Island, the plains on the south side, as has 

 been stated, are composed of peat, but the general vegetation of the 

 country is supported by a drift composed for the most part of a calcareous 

 clay, and a light grey or brown colored sand. The elements of the soil 

 would lead to the conclusion of its being a good one, but the opinion of 

 most persons, guided by the rules derived from the description of timber 



