Entomology. 177 



families of fossil or living forms. They have been referred to the 

 Radiata and to the Bryozoa. They were all originally composed 

 of a thin corneous film which enclosed the bodies of the animals 

 inhabiting the cells, and formed the general canal or source of 

 communication along the axis. The substance of the Graptolites 

 was then unlike that of the liadiata of the same geological age ; 

 the sub-divisions are in twos, or some multiple of two, except in a 

 few instances which appear to be abnormal developments ; and 

 when the sub-divisions are irregular there is far less similarity 

 with liadiata. 



From all Palaeozoic Bryozoa the Graptolites differ essentially in 

 the form and arrangement of the cellules, and the nature of the 

 substance and structure of the skeleton ; and simulate only the 

 general forms of Bryozoan genera. 



ARTICLE XVII.— Entomology, No. 2. By Wm. Couper, To- 

 ronto. 

 The 2nd of April was a beautiful day, such as a person would 

 select to enjoy a ramble in the neighbouring woods of Toronto — 

 indeed, it was a naturalist's day — birds sang sweetly, and butter- 

 flies appeared in their innocent gambols through forest paths and 

 open spots whereon the sun's rays produced warmth. Three 

 species of Vanessa made their appearance on Friday ; I captured 

 specimens of two species, but the third I did not secure on 

 aqcount of its scarcity. It has long been known that the imago 

 of the American Vanessa antiopa passes the winter in some shelter- 

 ed place, in a semi-torpid state, but now I am of opinion that two 

 additional species V.progne and V. Interrogationes do so likewise ; 

 probably it is natural to the few northern types of the genus, 

 while in the same species in more genial southern latitudes, such 

 instinct is very rarely developed. As butterflies are supposed to 

 subsist only on the nectar of flowers, the non-entomologist may 

 naturally enquire how do they receive nourishment when there are 

 no flowers ? During this month trees are also awakening from 

 torpidity, and should there happen to be recent wounds on the 

 south side of a maple or birch, the sap while ascending may be 

 seen to ooze ; to these wounds our April butterflies' repair to 

 nourish themselves. Their activity after remaining the whole 

 winter in a torpid state, is really astonishing. For the first ten 

 days they were flitting before us in the woods and elsewhere, but 



