62 cassell's book of birds. 



" have been robbed by my men of both eggs and young ; but the young birds so taken invariably 

 died. After repeated unsuccessful attempts to rear them, continued for two years, the eggs were 

 eventually hatched under Hens, which were procured at a considerable distance, from the Raik 

 negroes. As soon as the Hens began to lay, and in due time to sit, a part of their eggs were replaced 

 by half the number of those of the Balaniceps, as fresh as possible from the nest, the locality of 

 which was previously known, and several young birds were successfully hatched. These young birds 

 ran about the premises of the camp, and, to the great discomfort of the poor Hens, would persist in 

 performing all sorts of unchicken-like manoeuvres with their large beaks and extended wings in a small 

 artificial pool, constantly supplied with water by several negresses retained for their especial benefit. 

 Negro boys were also employed to supply their little pond with live fish, upon which, and occasionally 

 the intestines of ariimals killed for our use, chopped into small pieces, they were reared." 



THE SAVAKU, OR BOAT-BILL. 



The Savaku, or Boat-bill (Cancroma cochlearia), has a compact body, a comparatively short 

 strong neck, thick flat-crowned head, and an extremely broad bill, which is longer than the head, much 

 depressed and dilated towards its middle. The culmen is prominently keeled with a deep lateral groove, 

 extending to the tip, which is acutely hooked ; the nostrils are placed in the lateral groove on the 

 surface of the bill, their openings are longitudinal, and partly covered by a membrane. The moderate- 

 sized, powerful wings have the fourth quill longer than the rest ; the short broad tail is composed of 

 twelve feathers, and the long slender legs are clothed almost to the knee ; the soft streaming feathers 

 upon the nape form a plume ; the cheek-stripes and a portion of the throat are bare ; the broad cheeks 

 and fore part of the neck are white ; the lower neck and breast yellowish white ; the back is light 

 grey ; the back of the neck and belly are reddish brown, with black sides ; the quills and tail-feathers 

 are whitish grey ; the brown eye is edged with grey, and the brown beak has a yellow margin to the 

 lower mandible ; the foot is of a yellowish shade. The male of this species is twenty-two inches 

 long and thirty-eight across ; the wing measures eleven inches and a half, and the tail four inches and 

 a half; the female is somewhat smaller than her mate; the plumage of the young is at first entirely 

 reddish brown, with the back of a deeper colour than the under side. 



This bird is an inhabitant of Brazil, where it frequents the reed or bush covered banks of streams, 

 and lives either solitary, or, during the breeding season, in pairs, keeping principally amongst the 

 thickest trees or bushes, and hopping nimbly from branch to branch. Water insects of all kinds 

 probably afford it the principal means of subsistence, although the stomachs of specimens examined by 

 the Prince von Wied only contained worms. We are unacquainted with the voice and other habits of 

 this strange bird, except that it occasionally produces a clapping sound with its bill, after the manner 

 of a Stork. The eggs of the Savaku are oval in shape, pure white, and lustreless. 



THE HAMMER-HEAD, OR SHADOW-BIRD. 

 The Hammer-head, or Shadow-bird (Scopus umbretta), is an African species, and represents a 

 family possessing a compact, almost conical body, short thick neck, comparatively large head, and 

 broad, much-rounded wing, in which the third quill is longer than the rest, and a medium-sized tail, 

 composed of twelve feathers. The high beak is longer than the head, straight, compressed at its sides, 

 and slightly bent at its tip. The feet are moderate, with toes but slightly connected. The head is 

 decorated with a bushy crest, and the thick streaming plumage is of an almost uniform umber-brown, 

 with the under side of a lighter shade. The quills are glossy and darker than the back, and the tail- 

 feathers are enlivened by a broad, purplish brown band at their extremities, and narrow irregular lines 

 of the same at their roots. The eye is dark brown, the beak black, and the foot either black or blackish 



